2 Chronicles / Chapter 27

2 Chronicles 27

9 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Jotham becomes king at twenty-five and reigns sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother is Jerushah daughter of Zadok. He does what is right in the eyes of the LORD, following the pattern of his father Uzziah — except that he does not enter the Temple of the LORD. The people, however, continue their corrupt practices. Jotham builds the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD and does extensive construction on the wall of Ophel. He builds cities in the hill country of Judah and builds fortresses and towers in the forested areas. He fights the Ammonites and defeats them. The Ammonites pay him tribute: a hundred talents of silver, ten thousand cors of wheat, and ten thousand cors of barley — in the first year, and the same in the second and third years. Jotham grows strong because he orders his ways before the LORD his God. The rest of the acts of Jotham, including all his wars and his practices, are recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. He sleeps with his fathers and is buried in the City of David. His son Ahaz reigns in his place.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Jotham's brief chapter is notable for what it does not contain: no prophetic rebuke, no military disaster, no apostasy, no dramatic fall. In a section of Chronicles dominated by kings who begin well and end badly (Joash, Amaziah, Uzziah), Jotham is the quiet exception — a king who maintains steady faithfulness without spectacle. The Chronicler's formula for his success is characteristically precise: ki hekhin derakhav lifnei Adonai Elohav ('he ordered his ways before the LORD his God'). The verb hekhin ('he established, ordered, prepared') describes deliberate, sustained alignment of conduct with God's standards. The note that Jotham did not enter the Temple of the LORD is a direct lesson learned from his father's disaster — Jotham observed the boundary that Uzziah violated. The qualifier that the people continued their corrupt practices (od ha-am mashchitim) indicates that personal royal faithfulness was not sufficient to transform the nation's behavior — a sobering limitation on even good kingship.

Translation Friction

The brevity of Jotham's account relative to his sixteen-year reign raises questions about whether the Chronicler had limited source material or whether the peaceful, faithful reign simply did not generate the dramatic narratives that fill the accounts of other kings. The Ammonite tribute of 10,000 cors of wheat and barley (approximately 2.2 million liters of grain per year) suggests significant agricultural surplus in Ammon and substantial Judean dominance east of the Jordan. The phrase 'the people continued their corrupt practices' creates tension with Jotham's personal evaluation — how can a righteous king coexist with a corrupt people? The Chronicler seems to answer that the king can order his own ways but cannot force the people's hearts.

Connections

Jotham's respect for Temple boundaries contrasts directly with his father Uzziah's transgression (chapter 26). The building of the Upper Gate of the Temple connects to the broader theme of Temple maintenance that runs through Joash (chapter 24), and forward to Hezekiah and Josiah. The Ammonite subjugation reverses the pattern of Ammonite aggression against Judah (2 Chronicles 20). The phrase 'he ordered his ways before the LORD' echoes the Psalmic language of Psalm 119 and the wisdom tradition's emphasis on the 'way' (derek) as a metaphor for life conduct. Jotham's peaceful reign provides a brief respite between Uzziah's dramatic fall and Ahaz's catastrophic apostasy — a calm eye in the storm of Judean decline.

2 Chronicles 27:1

בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יוֹתָ֣ם בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְרוּשָׁ֖ה בַּת־צָדֽוֹק׃

Jotham was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jerushah daughter of Zadok.

KJV Jotham was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jotham effectively served longer than sixteen years, since he was co-regent during his father Uzziah's illness. Jerushah daughter of Zadok — if this Zadok is from a priestly family, as the name suggests, Jotham has both royal and priestly lineage through his parents. The sixteen-year reign is the formal count from Uzziah's death.
2 Chronicles 27:2

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה עֻזִּיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו רַ֚ק לֹא־בָ֣א אֶל־הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה וְע֥וֹד הָעָ֖ם מַשְׁחִיתִֽים׃

He did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, following the example of his father Uzziah — except that he did not enter the Temple of the LORD. The people, however, continued their corrupt practices.

KJV And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Uzziah did: howbeit he entered not into the temple of the LORD. And the people did yet corruptly.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The phrase lo va el heikhal Adonai ('he did not enter the Temple') directly references Uzziah's transgression in 26:16. The contrast is precise: the father entered and was struck; the son refrained and prospered. The verb mashchitim ('acting corruptly, destroying') describes the people's ongoing spiritual condition.
2 Chronicles 27:3

ה֗וּא בָּנָ֛ה אֶת־שַׁ֥עַר בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה הָעֶלְי֑וֹן וּבְחוֹמַ֥ת הָעֹ֖פֶל בָּנָ֥ה לָרֹֽב׃

He built the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD and did extensive building on the wall of Ophel.

KJV He built the high gate of the house of the LORD, and on the wall of Ophel he built much.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The Upper Gate (sha'ar beit Adonai ha-elyon) is a major Temple entrance. Ophel is the ridge connecting the City of David to the Temple mount — a strategically critical area. Extensive construction on the Ophel wall strengthens Jerusalem's defenses at its most vulnerable point. Jotham respects the Temple without entering it, yet invests in its infrastructure from the outside.
2 Chronicles 27:4

וְעָרִ֥ים בָּנָ֖ה בְּהַר־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבֶחֳרָשִׁ֣ים בָּנָ֔ה בִּירָנִיּ֖וֹת וּמִגְדָּלִֽים׃

He built cities in the hill country of Judah, and in the forested areas he built fortresses and towers.

KJV Moreover he built cities in the mountains of Judah, and in the forests he built castles and towers.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The construction of biraniyyot ('fortresses, citadels') and migdalim ('towers') in the chorashot ('forested areas, wooded regions') extends Judah's defensive network into previously undeveloped areas. This building program continues and extends Uzziah's wilderness tower construction (26:10), maintaining the infrastructure of a strong kingdom.
2 Chronicles 27:5

וְ֠ה֠וּא נִלְחַ֞ם עִם־מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֗וֹן וַיֶּחֱזַ֣ק עֲלֵיהֶם֮ וַיִּתְּנוּ־ל֣וֹ בְנֵי־עַמּוֹן֒ בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִ֡יא מֵאָ֣ה כִכַּר־כֶּ֡סֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֣ים כֹּרִ֣ים חִטִּ֡ים וּשְׂעוֹרִים֩ עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים זֹ֣את הֵשִׁ֧יבוּ ל֣וֹ בְנֵי־עַמּ֗וֹן וּבַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית וְהַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃

He fought the king of the Ammonites and prevailed against them. The Ammonites paid him that year a hundred talents of silver, ten thousand cors of wheat, and ten thousand cors of barley. The Ammonites paid the same in the second and third years.

KJV He fought also with the king of the Ammonites, and prevailed against them. And the children of Ammon gave him the same year an hundred talents of silver, and ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley. So much did the children of Ammon pay unto him, both the second year, and the third.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The tribute is enormous: a hundred talents of silver (approximately 3.4 metric tons) plus 10,000 cors each of wheat and barley (a cor being approximately 220 liters). The three-year tribute period indicates sustained Ammonite subjugation, not a one-time payment. This level of Transjordanian dominance recalls the empire of David and Solomon.
2 Chronicles 27:6

וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֖ק יוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֚י הֵכִ֣ין דְּרָכָ֔יו לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃

Jotham grew strong because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God.

KJV So Jotham became mighty, because he prepared his ways before the LORD his God.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

אֱמוּנָה emunah
"faithfulness" faithfulness, reliability, firmness, steadfastness

emunah is implied in the verb hekhin — Jotham's ordered ways reflect a stable, reliable faithfulness before God. The concept of 'establishing one's ways' is the behavioral expression of emunah.

Translator Notes

  1. The verb hekhin shares a root with the noun tekhunah ('arrangement, order') — Jotham's life was arranged, ordered, aligned with God's standards. The phrase lifnei Adonai Elohav ('before the LORD his God') adds the personal possessive — this is not abstract religion but personal relationship.
2 Chronicles 27:7

וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֤י יוֹתָם֙ וְכָל־מִלְחֲמֹתָ֣יו וּדְרָכָ֔יו הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֥פֶר מַלְכֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וִיהוּדָֽה׃

The rest of the acts of Jotham — all his wars and his practices — are recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.

KJV Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars, and his ways, lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The standard source citation. The mention of 'all his wars' (kol milchamotav) indicates military activity beyond the Ammonite campaign described in verse 5. The word derakhav ('his ways, practices') is the same word used in verse 6, suggesting the source text contained a more detailed account of Jotham's ordered conduct.
2 Chronicles 27:8

בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

He was twenty-five years old when he became king and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem.

KJV He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The repetition of the regnal data from verse 1 follows the standard closing formula pattern, framing the chapter with the same statistical facts. The sixteen-year reign, combined with his co-regency during Uzziah's illness, means Jotham exercised royal authority for perhaps twenty-five years or more.
2 Chronicles 27:9

וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יוֹתָם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָחָ֥ז בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃

Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the City of David. His son Ahaz reigned in his place.

KJV And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jotham receives full honorable burial in the City of David — no qualification, no denial of the royal tombs, no note of regret. He is one of the few post-Solomonic kings whose death notice contains no negative element. The succession to Ahaz is stated without comment, though the Chronicler's readers know that Ahaz will represent one of the most catastrophic reigns in Judah's history — a sharp contrast to his father's steady faithfulness.