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Open-source · Documented at every verse

The Covenant
Rendering

A modern English Bible translated directly from the Hebrew and Greek — with the manuscript and interpretive traditions visible at every verse.

Tip: press ⌘ K anywhere to jump to any book or tradition.

Books
89

66 canonical · 7 deuterocanonical · 2 pre-Nicaea

Chapters
1,691

All scholarly-edited and verse-stamped

Traditions
9

DSS · LXX · Samaritan · Targum · Vulgate · JST · 1 Enoch · Jubilees · TCR

License
CC-BY

Free to read, share, build with


See it in action

One verse. Three traditions. 2,300 years of reading.

TCR shows you the Hebrew, the modern rendering, and how ancient communities read the same passage — the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Aramaic Targum, and Jerome’s Latin Vulgate, all in one place.

Isaiah 9:6 from the Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

כִּי־יֶ֣לֶד יֻלַּד־לָ֗נוּ בֵּ֚ן נִתַּן־לָ֔נוּ וַתְּהִ֥י הַמִּשְׂרָ֖ה עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ פֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵ֞ץ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֗וֹר אֲבִיעַד֙ שַׂר־שָׁלֽוֹם׃

For a child is born to us, a son is given to us, and the dominion rests upon his shoulder. His name is called: Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace.

KJV For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

How other traditions read this verse

Dead Sea Scrolls (1QIsaᵃ, 125 BCE) theological

The four throne names read identically in the scroll and the medieval Masoretic text. This confirms that "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace" is not a late addition — the text was stable over a thousand years before the oldest Masoretic manuscript.

Targum Jonathan (Aramaic, 1st–5th c. CE) messianic

"...and he has taken the Torah upon himself to keep it; and his name is called from before the Wonderful Counselor, the Mighty God, who lives forever: the Messiah, in whose days peace shall increase upon us."

The Aramaic synagogue tradition explicitly identifies this child as the Messiah — but attributes the divine names to God speaking about the child, rather than as names of the child.

Latin Vulgate (Jerome, 405 CE)

"...et vocabitur nomen eius Admirabilis Consiliarius Deus Fortis Pater futuri saeculi Princeps pacis"

Jerome’s Latin gave Western Christianity its theological vocabulary for this verse. Deus Fortis ("Mighty God") became a key text for affirming Christ’s divinity. Princeps pacis ("Prince of Peace") entered the liturgical tradition and has been sung for sixteen centuries.

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