Exodus / Chapter 36

Exodus 36

38 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Bezalel, Oholiab, and the skilled workers begin construction. The people bring so much material that Moses must order them to stop. The craftsmen build the tabernacle curtains, frames, crossbars, and veil exactly as God commanded.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The surplus problem (vv5-7) is unique in Scripture — Moses must restrain giving because there is more than enough (dai lahem vehoter). The people's generosity, arriving 'morning after morning' (boqer baboqer, v3), is an echo of manna-rhythm applied to worship: daily provision, daily offering. The construction narrative closely mirrors the instruction chapters (25-31), creating a literary parallel between divine speech and human obedience — what God said, they did.

Translation Friction

The near-verbatim repetition of construction details from chapters 25-31 posed a rendering challenge: we maintained consistency with the instruction-chapter vocabulary to highlight the obedience pattern, while allowing natural variation in English where the Hebrew itself varies. The phrase dai lahem vehoter ('enough and more,' v7) we rendered as 'more than enough,' capturing the emphatic surplus. The shift from 'you shall make' (instruction) to 'they made' (execution) tracks the faithful implementation of the divine blueprint.

Connections

The surplus of offerings reverses the golden calf's misuse of resources. The obedience pattern ('as the LORD commanded') echoes the creation account's 'and it was so' (Genesis 1). The craftsmen's faithful execution anticipates the summary refrain of chapter 39 and the completion formula of 40:33. David's temple-fund appeal in 1 Chronicles 29:1-9 follows this model of joyful, abundant giving.

Exodus 36:1

וְעָשָׂה֩ בְצַלְאֵ֨ל וְאׇהֳלִיאָ֜ב וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם־לֵ֗ב אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה חׇכְמָ֤ה וּתְבוּנָה֙ בָּהֵ֔מָּה לָדַ֣עַת לַעֲשֹׂ֔ת אֶֽת־כׇּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה יְהֹוָֽה׃

Bezalel, Oholiab, and every person gifted with skill — in whom the LORD had placed wisdom and understanding to know how to carry out all the construction work for the sanctuary — were to do the work exactly as the LORD had commanded.

KJV Then wrought Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whom the LORD put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all manner of work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that the LORD had commanded.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The construction team includes not only Bezalel and Oholiab but every skilled person whom God equipped. Sacred construction is communal craftsmanship guided by divine wisdom.
Exodus 36:2

וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶל־בְּצַלְאֵל֮ וְאֶל־אׇֽהֳלִיאָב֒ וְאֶל֙ כׇּל־אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם־לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהֹוָ֛ה חׇכְמָ֖ה בְּלִבּ֑וֹ כֹּ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֔וֹ לְקׇרְבָ֥ה אֶל־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ׃

Moses summoned Bezalel, Oholiab, and every skilled person in whom the LORD had placed wisdom — everyone whose heart moved them to come and undertake the work.

KJV And Moses called Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whose heart the LORD had put wisdom, even every one whose heart stirred him up to come unto the work to do it:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Moses summons the workers personally. The phrase 'whose heart stirred him to approach the work' emphasizes that even God-gifted artisans must voluntarily engage.
Exodus 36:3

וַיִּקְח֞וּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֵ֤ת כׇּל־הַתְּרוּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִמְלֶ֛אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַעֲשֹׂ֣ת אֹתָ֑הּ וְ֠הֵ֠ם הֵבִ֨יאוּ אֵלָ֥יו ע֛וֹד נְדָבָ֖ה בַּבֹּ֥קֶר בַּבֹּֽקֶר׃

They received from Moses all the contributions the Israelites had brought for the sanctuary construction project. Meanwhile the people continued bringing additional freewill offerings every morning.

KJV And they received of Moses all the offering, which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, to make it withal. And they brought yet unto him free offerings every morning.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A remarkable detail: the people keep bringing offerings every morning (boqer baboqer) even after work has begun. Generosity continues beyond the initial call.
Exodus 36:4

וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ כׇּל־הַ֣חֲכָמִ֔ים הָעֹשִׂ֕ים אֵ֖ת כׇּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אִֽישׁ־אִ֥ישׁ מִמְּלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִֽׂים׃

All the skilled workers who were carrying out the sanctuary construction left their various tasks

KJV And all the wise men, that wrought all the work of the sanctuary, came every man from his work which they made;

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The craftsmen interrupt their own work to report the surplus — a sign of honest stewardship. They prioritize accuracy over accumulation.
Exodus 36:5

וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה לֵּאמֹ֔ר מַרְבִּ֥ים הָעָ֖ם לְהָבִ֑יא מִדֵּ֤י הָֽעֲבֹדָה֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ׃

and reported to Moses, "The people are bringing far more than is needed for the work the LORD has commanded."

KJV And they spake unto Moses, saying, The people bring much more than enough for the service of the work, which the LORD commanded to make.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. An extraordinary situation: too much generosity. The people's offerings exceed what the work requires — a sharp contrast to reluctant giving.
Exodus 36:6

וַיְצַ֣ו מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֥וֹל בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַל־יַעֲשׂוּ־ע֛וֹד מְלָאכָ֖ה לִתְרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם מֵהָבִֽיא׃

So Moses issued an order, and a proclamation was circulated throughout the camp: "No man or woman should prepare any more material for the sacred contribution." The people were thus prevented from bringing more.

KJV And Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman make any more work for the offering of the sanctuary. So the people were restrained from bringing.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Moses must formally restrain the people from giving more. This is the only time in Scripture a leader must halt contributions for being excessive.
Exodus 36:7

וְהַמְּלָאכָ֗ה הָיְתָ֥ה דַיָּ֛ם לְכׇל־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אֹתָ֑הּ וְהוֹתֵֽר׃ {ס}

The materials already on hand were more than sufficient to complete all the work — there was even a surplus.

KJV For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The materials were 'sufficient and more' (dayam... ve-hoter). God's dwelling is funded entirely by willing hearts, with abundance left over.
Exodus 36:8

וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ כׇל־חֲכַם־לֵ֜ב בְּעֹשֵׂ֧י הַמְּלָאכָ֛ה אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן עֶ֣שֶׂר יְרִיעֹ֑ת שֵׁ֣שׁ מׇשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י כְּרֻבִ֛ים מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֖ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃

All the skilled workers among those doing the construction made the tabernacle with ten panels of finely twisted linen and blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim worked into them by a skilled designer.

KJV And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The ten inner panels form the tabernacle proper. Cherubim woven into the fabric echo the heavenly throne room — the tabernacle as earthly mirror of God's heavenly dwelling.
Exodus 36:9

אֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֙חַב֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לְכׇל־הַיְרִיעֹֽת׃

Each panel measured twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide; all the panels were identical in size.

KJV The length of one curtain was twenty and eight cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: the curtains were all of one size.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Precise dimensions ensure uniformity. Twenty-eight by four cubits per panel — standardization enables the panels to join into a seamless whole.
Exodus 36:10

וַיְחַבֵּר֙ אֶת־חֲמֵ֣שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָ֑ת וְחָמֵ֤שׁ יְרִיעֹת֙ חִבַּ֔ר אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָֽת׃

He joined five of the panels to one another, and likewise joined the other five panels to one another.

KJV And he coupled the five curtains one unto another: and the other five curtains he coupled one unto another.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Two sets of five panels each are joined, then the two sets connected — a modular construction approach allowing assembly and disassembly for travel.
Exodus 36:11

וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלְאֹ֣ת תְּכֵ֗לֶת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת מִקָּצָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת כֵּ֤ן עָשָׂה֙ בִּשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃

He made loops of blue yarn along the edge of the outermost panel in the first set, and did the same along the edge of the outermost panel in the second set.

KJV And he made loops of blue on the edge of one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling: likewise he made in the uttermost side of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Blue loops along the panel edges create the attachment points. Blue (tekhelet) connotes heaven — even structural details carry symbolic weight.
Exodus 36:12

חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֮ בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָת֒ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית מַקְבִּילֹת֙ הַלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָֽת׃

He made fifty loops on the first panel and fifty loops on the corresponding edge of the panel in the second set, with the loops positioned directly opposite one another.

KJV Fifty loops made he in one curtain, and fifty loops made he in the edge of the curtain which was in the coupling of the second: the loops held one curtain to another.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Fifty loops per set, perfectly aligned opposite each other. Precision in these structural details ensures the tabernacle holds together as one unit.
Exodus 36:13

וַיַּ֕עַשׂ חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים קַרְסֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיְחַבֵּ֨ר אֶת־הַיְרִיעֹ֜ת אַחַ֤ת אֶל־אַחַת֙ בַּקְּרָסִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן אֶחָֽד׃ {פ}

He fashioned fifty gold clasps and used them to join the panels together, so that the tabernacle formed a single unit.

KJV And he made fifty taches of gold, and coupled the curtains one unto another with the taches: so it became one tabernacle.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Fifty gold clasps unite the two halves into one tabernacle (mishkan echad). Gold connotes the divine presence that dwells within this unified structure.
Exodus 36:14

וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ יְרִיעֹ֣ת עִזִּ֔ים לְאֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה יְרִיעֹ֖ת עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃

He made panels of goat hair for a tent covering over the tabernacle — eleven panels in all.

KJV And he made curtains of goats’ hair for the tent over the tabernacle: eleven curtains he made them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The goat-hair tent covering provides a protective layer over the inner linen panels. Eleven panels (one more than the inner set) ensure full coverage.
Exodus 36:15

אֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע אַמּ֔וֹת רֹ֖חַב הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֣ה אַחַ֔ת לְעַשְׁתֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת׃

Each panel measured thirty cubits long and four cubits wide; all eleven panels were the same size.

KJV The length of one curtain was thirty cubits, and four cubits was the breadth of one curtain: the eleven curtains were of one size.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Slightly larger dimensions (thirty cubits vs. twenty-eight) allow the outer covering to drape over and protect the finer inner panels.
Exodus 36:16

וַיְחַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־חֲמֵ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וְאֶת־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָֽד׃

He joined five panels into one section and the other six into a separate section.

KJV And he coupled five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The asymmetric grouping (five plus six) allows the extra panel to fold over the front of the tabernacle entrance.
Exodus 36:17

וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלָאֹ֣ת חֲמִשִּׁ֗ים עַ֚ל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּיצֹנָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַחֹבֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃

He attached fifty loops along the edge of the outermost panel in the first section, and fifty loops along the edge of the connecting panel of the second section.

KJV And he made fifty loops upon the uttermost edge of the curtain in the coupling, and fifty loops made he upon the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Construction of the joining mechanism for the outer tent covering mirrors the inner panels but uses different materials — function dictates form.
Exodus 36:18

וַיַּ֛עַשׂ קַרְסֵ֥י נְחֹ֖שֶׁת חֲמִשִּׁ֑ים לְחַבֵּ֥ר אֶת־הָאֹ֖הֶל לִהְיֹ֥ת אֶחָֽד׃

He fashioned fifty bronze clasps to join the tent covering together into a single unit.

KJV And he made fifty taches of brass to couple the tent together, that it might be one.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Bronze clasps (not gold) join the outer covering — appropriate to the less sacred outer layer. Material grades correspond to degrees of holiness.
Exodus 36:19

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מִכְסֶה֙ לָאֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת אֵילִ֖ם מְאׇדָּמִ֑ים וּמִכְסֵ֛ה עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ {ס}

He made a covering for the tent from ram skins dyed red, with an additional covering of fine leather over that.

KJV And he made a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering of badgers’ skins above that.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ram skins dyed red and fine leather form the outermost protective layers — waterproofing the sacred structure against the elements.
Exodus 36:20

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים עֹמְדִֽים׃

He constructed the upright frames for the tabernacle from acacia wood.

KJV And he made boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood, standing up.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The upright frames (qerashim) of acacia wood provide the rigid structure. Acacia is the primary desert hardwood, durable and resistant to decay.
Exodus 36:21

עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמֹּ֖ת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ וְאַמָּה֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֔ה רֹ֖חַב הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃

Each frame was ten cubits tall and a cubit and a half wide.

KJV The length of a board was ten cubits, and the breadth of a board one cubit and a half.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Standardized frame dimensions (ten by one-and-a-half cubits) create a modular wall system that can be assembled and transported.
Exodus 36:22

שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדֹ֗ת לַקֶּ֙רֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְשֻׁ֨לָּבֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֣ן עָשָׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל קַרְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃

Each frame had two tenons parallel to each other; he made all the frames of the tabernacle this way.

KJV One board had two tenons, equally distant one from another: thus did he make for all the boards of the tabernacle.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Two tenons per frame lock into silver bases, creating stable joints. The word meshullavot (joined) indicates the tenons are parallel and evenly spaced.
Exodus 36:23

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים קְרָשִׁ֔ים לִפְאַ֖ת נֶ֥גֶב תֵּימָֽנָה׃

He made twenty frames for the south side of the tabernacle,

KJV And he made boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the south side southward:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Twenty frames for the south wall. The directional specificity (negev teimanah) anchors the tabernacle's orientation in Israel's camp layout.
Exodus 36:24

וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אַדְנֵי־כֶ֔סֶף עָשָׂ֕ה תַּ֖חַת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים הַקְּרָשִׁ֑ים שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָאֶחָד֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔יו וּשְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽיו׃

with forty silver bases beneath them — two bases under each frame to support its two tenons.

KJV And forty sockets of silver he made under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Forty silver bases — two per frame — provide the foundation. Silver (from the census tax) literally supports the dwelling, connecting the people to God's house.
Exodus 36:25

וּלְצֶ֧לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית לִפְאַ֣ת צָפ֑וֹן עָשָׂ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים קְרָשִֽׁים׃

For the opposite side of the tabernacle, the north side, he made twenty frames

KJV And for the other side of the tabernacle, which is toward the north corner, he made twenty boards,

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The north wall mirrors the south with twenty frames, establishing the tabernacle's symmetry. Both long sides are identical in construction.
Exodus 36:26

וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃

with their forty silver bases — two bases under each frame.

KJV And their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Forty silver bases on the north match the south. The structural symmetry reflects the ordered perfection of God's dwelling design.
Exodus 36:27

וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה עָשָׂ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֥ה קְרָשִֽׁים׃

For the rear of the tabernacle, on the west, he made six frames.

KJV And for the sides of the tabernacle westward he made six boards.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Six frames for the narrower west (rear) wall. The tabernacle entrance faces east — toward the sunrise, the direction of God's appearing.
Exodus 36:28

וּשְׁנֵ֤י קְרָשִׁים֙ עָשָׂ֔ה לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם׃

He made two additional frames for the corners at the rear of the tabernacle.

KJV And two boards made he for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Corner frames require special construction, reinforcing the structural junction where the side and rear walls meet.
Exodus 36:29

וְהָי֣וּ תוֹאֲמִם֮ מִלְּמַ֒טָּה֒ וְיַחְדָּ֗ו יִהְי֤וּ תַמִּים֙ אֶל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ אֶל־הַטַּבַּ֖עַת הָאֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֚ן עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם לִשְׁנֵ֖י הַמִּקְצֹעֹֽת׃

These were joined at the bottom and connected all the way to the top with a single ring. He did this for both corner frames.

KJV And they were coupled beneath, and coupled together at the head thereof, to one ring: thus he did to both of them in both the corners.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The corner frames are twinned (to'amim) from bottom to top, bound to a single ring — creating a rigid corner that holds the walls at right angles.
Exodus 36:30

וְהָיוּ֙ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה קְרָשִׁ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֲדָנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֤י אֲדָנִים֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃

So there were eight frames with their sixteen silver bases — two bases beneath each frame.

KJV And there were eight boards; and their sockets were sixteen sockets of silver, under every board two sockets.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Eight total frames on the west end (six regular plus two corners) with sixteen bases. Every structural element is precisely counted and recorded.
Exodus 36:31

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּרִיחֵ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חֲמִשָּׁ֕ה לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הָאֶחָֽת׃

He made crossbars of acacia wood — five for the frames on one side of the tabernacle,

KJV And he made bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Five crossbars per side lock the upright frames together laterally. Acacia wood crossbars prevent the wall from flexing or collapsing.
Exodus 36:32

וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֔ם לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית וַחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה בְרִיחִם֙ לְקַרְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה׃

five for the frames on the other side, and five for the frames at the rear, facing west.

KJV And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the tabernacle for the sides westward.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The crossbar pattern repeats: five per side, five for the west — total structural rigidity for a portable building that must survive wilderness travel.
Exodus 36:33

וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣יחַ הַתִּיכֹ֑ן לִבְרֹ֙חַ֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַקְּרָשִׁ֔ים מִן־הַקָּצֶ֖ה אֶל־הַקָּצֶֽה׃

He crafted the center crossbar to run through the middle of the frames from one end to the other.

KJV And he made the middle bar to shoot through the boards from the one end to the other.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The center crossbar runs the entire length of the wall through the middle of the frames — the spine that holds each wall section together.
Exodus 36:34

וְֽאֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֞ים צִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֗ב וְאֶת־טַבְּעֹתָם֙ עָשָׂ֣ה זָהָ֔ב בָּתִּ֖ים לַבְּרִיחִ֑ם וַיְצַ֥ף אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִ֖ם זָהָֽב׃

He overlaid the frames with gold, made their rings of gold as holders for the crossbars, and overlaid the crossbars with gold as well.

KJV And he overlaid the boards with gold, and made their rings of gold to be places for the bars, and overlaid the bars with gold.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Gold overlay on frames, rings, and crossbars transforms the acacia wood structure into a shining interior. Inside the tabernacle, everything is gold.
Exodus 36:35

וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ אֶת־הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מׇשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֛ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖הּ כְּרֻבִֽים׃

He made the inner curtain of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen, with cherubim worked into it by a skilled designer.

KJV And he made a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: with cherubims made he it of cunning work.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The inner curtain (parokhet) separates the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place. Its cherubim design mirrors the inner panels — heavenly guardians woven into the boundary.
Exodus 36:36

וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֗הּ אַרְבָּעָה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וַיְצַפֵּ֣ם זָהָ֔ב וָוֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וַיִּצֹ֣ק לָהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַדְנֵי־כָֽסֶף׃

For it he made four posts of acacia wood overlaid with gold, with gold hooks, and cast four silver bases for them.

KJV And he made thereunto four pillars of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold: their hooks were of gold; and he cast for them four sockets of silver.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Four acacia posts overlaid with gold support the inner curtain. Their silver bases echo the wall foundations — the entire structure rests on silver.
Exodus 36:37

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מָסָךְ֙ לְפֶ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מׇשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽם׃

He crafted a screen for the tent entrance from blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen, done in embroidered work,

KJV And he made an hanging for the tabernacle door of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework;

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The entrance screen differs from the inner curtain: embroidered work (roqem) rather than woven cherubim, marking a lesser degree of sacred separation.
Exodus 36:38

וְאֶת־עַמּוּדָ֤יו חֲמִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת־וָ֣וֵיהֶ֔ם וְצִפָּ֧ה רָאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ {פ}

along with its five posts and their hooks. He overlaid their tops and connecting bands with gold, and their five bases were bronze.

KJV And the five pillars of it with their hooks: and he overlaid their chapiters and their fillets with gold: but their five sockets were of brass.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Five posts with gold tops but bronze bases. The shift from silver (inner curtain) to bronze (entrance) reflects the gradient of holiness from inside out.