Isaiah / Chapter 47

Isaiah 47

15 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

A taunt-song against Babylon, personified as Virgin Daughter Babylon. She descends from her throne to sit in the dust, exposed and humiliated. Her sorceries and enchantments cannot protect her. Her self-deifying claim 'I am, and there is no one besides me' is exposed as blasphemous.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Babylon's declaration 'I am, and there is no one besides me' (vv. 8, 10) mirrors God's own exclusive claims (45:5-6, 46:9). The parody is deliberate: Babylon has made herself into a god. Her punishment fits her crime — absolute sovereignty meets absolute loss. The astrologers, star-gazers, and monthly prognosticators (v. 13) represent Babylon's famed divinatory tradition, now exposed as worthless. The chapter ends with total abandonment: 'there is no one to save you' (v. 15).

Translation Friction

The phrase betulat bat-Bavel ('Virgin Daughter Babylon') personifies the city as a young woman who has never been conquered. The 'virgin' implies invincibility now shattered. The sorcery vocabulary includes technical terms for Babylonian divination practices. We rendered each descriptively and noted the Babylonian context.

Connections

The taunt echoes the king-of-Babylon song in 14:4-23. Babylon's fall is announced in 21:9 and culminates in Revelation 17-18. The 'I am' claim inverts Exodus 3:14. The sudden 'both in one day' judgment (v. 9) anticipates Revelation 18:8.

Isaiah 47:1

רְדִי וּשְׁבִי עַל־עָפָר

Come down and sit in the dust, Virgin Daughter Babylon! Sit on the ground without a throne, Daughter of the Chaldeans! For you will no longer be called tender and delicate.

KJV Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The descent: from throne to dust, from palace to ground. The title betulat bat-Bavel personifies the city as a young woman who has never been conquered — now shattered.
Isaiah 47:2

קְחִי רֵחַיִם וְטַחֲנִי קָמַח

Take the millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, strip off your skirt, bare your legs, wade through rivers.

KJV Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The queen becomes a slave: grinding at the mill was the lowest domestic labor. The progressive undressing describes the degradation of captivity.
Isaiah 47:3

תִּגָּל עֶרְוָתֵךְ

Your nakedness will be exposed, your shame will be seen. I will take vengeance, and I will spare no one.

KJV Thy nakedness shall be uncovered, yea, thy shame shall be seen: I will take vengeance, and I will not meet thee as a man.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The exposure of nakedness is the ultimate humiliation in the ancient Near East. God is the agent: 'I will take vengeance.'
Isaiah 47:4

גֹּאֲלֵנוּ יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ

Our Redeemer — the LORD of Hosts is His name — the Holy One of Israel.

KJV As for our redeemer, the LORD of hosts is his name, the Holy One of Israel.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

גֹּאֵל go'el
"Redeemer" redeemer, kinsman-redeemer, one who reclaims what was lost

Capitalized when applied to God. The go'el acts on behalf of family — God's judgment of Babylon is a family rescue operation.

Translator Notes

  1. A parenthetical doxology breaking into the taunt. The three titles identify the God who judges Babylon as the same God who redeems Israel.
Isaiah 47:5

שְׁבִי דוּמָם וּבֹאִי בַחֹשֶׁךְ

Sit in silence and go into darkness, Daughter of the Chaldeans, for you will no longer be called mistress of kingdoms.

KJV Sit thou silent, and get thee into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called, The lady of kingdoms.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Silence and darkness reverse Babylon's splendor. The title geveret mamlakhot ('mistress of kingdoms') is revoked.
Isaiah 47:6

קָצַפְתִּי עַל־עַמִּי

I was angry with my people; I profaned my inheritance and gave them into your hand. You showed them no mercy; on the elderly you made your yoke very heavy.

KJV I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God acknowledges His role in Israel's exile but charges Babylon with exceeding the mandate — showing no mercy and oppressing the elderly. The agent of judgment became an agent of cruelty.
Isaiah 47:7

וַתֹּאמְרִי לְעוֹלָם

You said, 'I will be mistress forever' — you did not take these things to heart or consider how it would end.

KJV And thou saidst, I shall be a lady for ever: so that thou didst not lay these things to thy heart, neither didst remember the latter end of it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Babylon's fatal assumption: permanence. The failure to 'remember the end' is the opposite of God who declares 'the end from the beginning' (46:10).
Isaiah 47:8

וְעַתָּה שִׁמְעִי־זֹאת עֲדִינָה

Now hear this, you lover of pleasure, who sits securely, who says in her heart, 'I am, and there is no one besides me. I will never sit as a widow or know the loss of children.'

KJV Therefore hear now this, thou that art given to pleasures, that dwellest carelessly, that sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The phrase ani ve'afsi od deliberately echoes God's exclusive self-declarations. Babylon has committed the ultimate sin: claiming for herself what belongs to God alone.
Isaiah 47:9

וְתָבֹאנָה לָךְ שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה

Both of these will come upon you in a moment, in a single day: bereavement and widowhood. They will come upon you in full measure, despite your many sorceries and the great power of your spells.

KJV But these two things shall come to thee in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood: they shall come upon thee in their perfection for the multitude of thy sorceries, and for the great abundance of thine enchantments.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. What Babylon declared impossible (v. 8) happens in a single day. The sorceries and spells that Babylon trusted cannot prevent it.
Isaiah 47:10

וַתִּבְטְחִי בְרָעָתֵךְ

You trusted in your wickedness; you said, 'No one sees me.' Your wisdom and your knowledge led you astray, and you said in your heart, 'I am, and there is no one besides me.'

KJV For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness: thou hast said, None seeth me. Thy wisdom and thy knowledge, it hath perverted thee; and thou hast said in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The self-deification formula appears again. Babylon's wisdom and knowledge became instruments of self-delusion. The assumption 'no one sees me' denies divine observation.
Isaiah 47:11

וּבָא עָלַיִךְ רָעָה

But disaster will come upon you, and you will not know how to charm it away. Calamity will fall on you, and you will not be able to atone for it. Devastation will come upon you suddenly, before you know it.

KJV Therefore shall evil come upon thee; thou shalt not know from whence it riseth: and mischief shall fall upon thee; thou shalt not be able to put it off: and desolation shall come upon thee suddenly, which thou shalt not know.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Three disasters with three inabilities: disaster that cannot be charmed, calamity that cannot be atoned for, devastation that cannot be anticipated. Babylon's entire repertoire fails.
Isaiah 47:12

עִמְדִי־נָא בַחֲבָרַיִךְ

Stand now with your spells and your many sorceries, at which you have labored from your youth. Perhaps you can succeed; perhaps you can inspire terror.

KJV Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy sorceries, wherein thou hast laboured from thy youth; if so be thou shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The sarcastic 'perhaps' mocks Babylon's expertise — after a lifetime of sorcery, maybe it will finally work.
Isaiah 47:13

נִלְאֵית בְּרֹב עֲצָתָיִךְ

You are wearied by your many counselors. Let them stand up now and save you — those who divide the heavens, who gaze at the stars, who at each new moon predict what will come upon you.

KJV Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let now the astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save thee from these things that shall come upon thee.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Three categories of Babylonian divination: hovrei shamayim ('dividers of the heavens'), chozim bakkokhavim ('star-gazers'), modi'im lechodashim ('monthly prognosticators'). Babylonian astronomical records were the most sophisticated in the ancient world — and they are mocked as useless.
Isaiah 47:14

הִנֵּה הָיוּ כְּקַשׁ

Look — they are like stubble; fire burns them up. They cannot save themselves from the power of the flame. This is no coal for warming, no fire to sit before.

KJV Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The astrologers become fuel. The fire that destroys them is not even useful as a hearth — their destruction produces nothing of value.
Isaiah 47:15

כֵּן הָיוּ־לָךְ

Such are those you have labored with — your traders from your youth. Each wanders off in his own direction; there is no one to save you.

KJV Thus shall they be unto thee with whom thou hast laboured, even thy merchants, from thy youth: they shall wander every one to his quarter; none shall save thee.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Total abandonment. Babylon's commercial partners scatter. The final word moshi'ekh ('your savior') uses the salvation root — Babylon has none.