The remaining six tribes receive their territorial allotments by lot at Shiloh: Simeon within Judah's territory, Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan. Joshua himself receives Timnath-serah in Ephraim's hill country.
What Makes This Chapter Remarkable
Simeon's allotment is embedded within Judah's territory (v. 1) — 'their inheritance was within the inheritance of Judah, because the portion of Judah was too large for them.' This absorption anticipates Simeon's eventual disappearance as a distinct tribe and partially fulfills Jacob's prophecy in Genesis 49:7 ('I will scatter them in Israel'). Joshua receives his inheritance last (vv. 49-50), after all the people have been settled — the leader takes what remains, not first pick.
Translation Friction
Dan's allotment (vv. 40-48) is described and then immediately noted as insufficient — 'the territory of Dan slipped away from them' (v. 47), leading to the migration and conquest of Laish described in Judges 18. We rendered yetse mehem as the territory 'slipping away' to preserve the Hebrew's sense of loss rather than mere military failure.
Connections
Simeon's absorption into Judah fulfills Genesis 49:7. Dan's migration to Laish is narrated in Judges 18. Joshua's personal inheritance at Timnath-serah (v. 50) is his burial place (24:30). The city lists in this chapter overlap with the Levitical cities in chapter 21 and the lists in 1 Chronicles 6.
The second lot fell to Simeon — to the tribe of Simeon, clan by clan. Their inheritance was within the territory of Judah.
KJV And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Vay'hi nachalatam b'tokh nachalat b'nei Yehudah ('their inheritance was within the inheritance of Judah') — Simeon does not receive an independent territory but an enclave within Judah's allotment. This arrangement fulfills Jacob's prophecy in Genesis 49:7: 'I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel.' Simeon effectively becomes absorbed into Judah, eventually losing tribal identity. The 'scattering' prophesied by the patriarch is accomplished through the allocation.
Their inheritance included Beersheba (or Sheba), Moladah,
KJV And they had in their inheritance Beersheba, or Sheba, and Moladah,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
B'er Sheva ('Beersheba') — the patriarchal well-city (listed in Judah's cities, 15:28) now allocated to Simeon. The overlap between Judah's and Simeon's city lists confirms Simeon's territory is carved from Judah's allocation, likely because Judah's territory proved too large for one tribe.
Joshua 19:3
וַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבָלָ֖ה וָעָֽצֶם׃
Hazar-shual, Balah, Ezem,
KJV And Hazarshual, and Balah, and Azem,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
These cities also appear in Judah's Negev list (15:28-29), confirming the territorial overlap.
Joshua 19:4
וְאֶלְתּוֹלַ֥ד וּבְת֖וּל וְחׇרְמָֽה׃
Eltolad, Bethul, Hormah,
KJV And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Chormah ('Hormah') appears in both tribal lists (15:30), reinforcing the shared territory.
KJV And Ziklag, and Bethmarcaboth, and Hazarsusah,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Beit ha-Markavot ('house of chariots') and Chatsar Susah ('enclosure of horses') — these names suggest military installations for chariot horses, possibly remnants of Canaanite or Egyptian military infrastructure in the Negev.
Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuhen — thirteen cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV And Bethlebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Sharuhen — an important fortified city in the western Negev, known from Egyptian records as a Hyksos stronghold that Pharaoh Ahmose besieged after expelling the Hyksos from Egypt (c. 1550 BC).
Ain, Rimmon, Ether, and Ashan — four cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages:
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
The second Simeonite district totals four cities. The combined total (seventeen) represents Simeon's modest allocation — among the smallest of the tribal territories.
along with all the settlements surrounding these cities as far as Baalath-beer (Ramah of the Negev). This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon, clan by clan.
KJV And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalathbeer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Ba'alat B'er Ramat Negev ('Baalath-beer, Ramah of the Negev') — the southernmost extent of Simeon's territory, deep in the arid Negev.
Simeon's inheritance came out of Judah's allotment, because Judah's portion proved too large for them. So the Simeonites received their inheritance within Judah's territory.
KJV Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Ki hayah cheleq b'nei Yehudah rav mehem ('because the portion of Judah was too large for them') — the narrator provides the practical explanation for Simeon's enclave arrangement: Judah had more land than its population needed. Divine lot and practical geography converge: the lot placed Simeon within Judah, and the excess territory made it workable. Providence operates through demographic realities.
The third lot came up for Zebulun, clan by clan. The boundary of their inheritance reached to Sarid.
KJV And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid:
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Zebulun received territory in the lower Galilee, between the Jezreel Valley and the hills north of the Carmel range. Jacob's blessing predicted Zebulun would 'dwell at the shore of the sea' (Genesis 49:13), though the allotment described here does not reach the coast — a tension noted by many commentators.
Their boundary went up westward to Maralah, reached Dabbesheth, and extended to the wadi facing Jokneam.
KJV And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam;
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
The western boundary approaches the Carmel range near Jokneam (12:22). Zebulun's territory covers the fertile valleys of the lower Galilee — good agricultural land.
From Sarid it turned eastward toward the sunrise along the boundary of Chisloth-tabor, then went out to Daberath and up to Japhia.
KJV And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chislothtabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Kislot Tavor ('flanks of Tabor') — the slopes of Mount Tabor, which rises dramatically from the Jezreel Valley. Tabor will be the staging ground for Deborah and Barak's battle against Sisera (Judges 4:6, 12, 14). Daverat ('Daberath') — a Levitical city at the base of Tabor (21:28).
From there it passed eastward to Gath-hepher, to Eth-kazin, and went out to Rimmon, curving toward Neah.
KJV And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittahhepher, to Ittahkazin, and goeth out to Remmonmethoar to Neah;
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Gittah Chefer ('Gath-hepher') — the hometown of the prophet Jonah son of Amittai (2 Kings 14:25). This otherwise minor border town becomes significant as the birthplace of the reluctant prophet who was sent to Nineveh.
including Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem — twelve cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Beit Lechem ('Bethlehem') — this is the Galilean Bethlehem (distinct from the Judean Bethlehem of David and later of Jesus), located in Zebulun's territory. The existence of two Bethlehems in different tribal territories is well attested. Nahalal appears in Judges 1:30 as a city where Zebulun failed to drive out the Canaanites.
This was the inheritance of the Zebulunites, clan by clan — these cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Zebulun's allocation is complete — a modest territory in the lower Galilee, but strategically located near major trade routes and the fertile Jezreel Valley.
The fourth lot came out for Issachar — for the Issacharites, clan by clan.
KJV And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Issachar received territory in the eastern Jezreel Valley and the hills south of the Sea of Galilee — some of the most fertile agricultural land in all of Canaan. Jacob blessed Issachar as a 'strong donkey lying down between the sheepfolds,' who 'saw that rest was good and that the land was pleasant' (Genesis 49:14-15).
Their territory included Jezreel, Chesulloth, Shunem,
KJV And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Yizr'elah ('Jezreel') — the city that gives its name to the great valley. It will become a royal residence for the Omride dynasty and the site of Naboth's vineyard (1 Kings 21) and Jezebel's death (2 Kings 9:30-37). Shunem — where the Shunammite woman will host Elisha (2 Kings 4:8-37).
Joshua 19:19
וַחֲפָרַ֥יִם וְשִׁיאֹ֖ן וַאֲנָחֲרַֽת׃
Hapharaim, Shion, Anaharath,
KJV And Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Issachar's city list continues through the Jezreel Valley settlements.
Joshua 19:20
וְהָרַבִּ֥ית וְקִשְׁי֖וֹן וָאָֽבֶץ׃
Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez,
KJV And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Qishyon ('Kishion') — a Levitical city (21:28). Its location near the Kishon River connects it to the valley where Deborah's army will defeat Sisera (Judges 4-5).
The boundary reached Tabor, Shahazumah, and Beth-shemesh, and ended at the Jordan — sixteen cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV And the coast reacheth to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Bethshemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Tavor ('Tabor') — Mount Tabor, the distinctive dome-shaped mountain rising 1,886 feet above the Jezreel Valley. This Beth-shemesh ('house of the sun') is a different city from the one in Judah/Dan (15:10). Tots'ot g'vulam ha-Yarden ('their boundary ended at the Jordan') — Issachar's eastern boundary touches the Jordan, giving the tribe a cross-section from the Jezreel Valley to the Jordan Rift.
The fifth lot came out for the tribe of Asher, clan by clan.
KJV And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Asher received the northwestern coastal strip along the Mediterranean, from Carmel northward to Sidon — territory rich in natural resources. Jacob blessed Asher: 'His food will be rich; he will provide royal delicacies' (Genesis 49:20). Moses blessed Asher: 'Most blessed of sons is Asher; let him be favored among his brothers, and let him dip his foot in oil' (Deuteronomy 33:24).
Allammelech, Amad, Mishal — reaching to Carmel on the west and to Shihor-libnath.
KJV And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel westward, and to Shihorlibnath;
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
U-faga b'Karmel ha-yammah ('reaching to Carmel on the sea/west') — Mount Carmel, the dramatic headland jutting into the Mediterranean, forms a natural boundary. It will become the site of Elijah's confrontation with the prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18).
It turned eastward to Beth-dagon, reached Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah-el to the north, then to Beth-emek and Neiel, going out to Cabul on the north.
KJV And turneth toward the sunrising to Bethdagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthahel toward the north side of Bethemek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul on the left hand,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Kavul ('Cabul') — a settlement in western Galilee. The name will recur when Solomon gives twenty Galilean cities to Hiram king of Tyre, who calls the territory 'Cabul' (1 Kings 9:13) — apparently unimpressed.
including Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Great Sidon.
KJV And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Ad Tsidon Rabbah ('as far as Great Sidon') — Asher's ideal territory extends to the major Phoenician city of Sidon on the Lebanese coast. In practice, the Phoenician cities remained independent. Asher's allotment is aspirational in its northern reaches.
The boundary turned to Ramah and continued to the fortified city of Tyre, then turned to Hosah, ending at the sea in the region of Achzib.
KJV And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib:
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Ir mivtsar Tsor ('the fortified city of Tyre') — Tyre, the great Phoenician island-fortress, appears in Asher's boundary description. Like Sidon, Tyre remained Phoenician throughout Israel's history and became a major trade partner under Solomon and Ahab. Achzib — a coastal city that Asher failed to capture (Judges 1:31).
The sixth lot came out for Naphtali — for the Naphtalites, clan by clan.
KJV The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Naphtali received territory in the upper Galilee, the mountainous region north of the Sea of Galilee. Moses blessed Naphtali: 'satisfied with favor and full of the blessing of the LORD; possess the sea and the south' (Deuteronomy 33:23).
Their boundary ran from Heleph, from the oak at Zaanannim, through Adami-nekeb and Jabneel to Lakkum, ending at the Jordan.
KJV And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan:
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Me-Elon b'Tsa'anannim ('from the oak/terebinth at Zaanannim') — this landmark tree is the site where Jael will kill Sisera with a tent peg (Judges 4:11). The boundary description casually mentions a location that will become the site of one of the most dramatic events in the Judges period.
The boundary turned westward to Aznoth-tabor, and from there to Hukok. It bordered Zebulun on the south, Asher on the west, and the Jordan on the east.
KJV And then the coast turneth westward to Aznothtabor, and goeth out from thence to Hukkok, and reacheth to Zebulun on the south side, and reacheth to Asher on the west side, and to Judah upon Jordan toward the sunrising.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Uviyhudah ha-Yarden mizrach ha-shamesh ('and Judah at the Jordan toward the sunrise') — this puzzling reference to 'Judah upon the Jordan' in northern Galilee has produced many interpretations. It may refer to a Judahite enclave, a textual corruption, or a variant name for a geographic feature. The most common explanation is that it refers to territory associated with the Israelite settlement broadly rather than the specific tribe of Judah.
The fortified cities were Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,
KJV And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Chammat ('Hammath,' meaning 'hot spring') — likely the hot springs south of Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee. Kinneret ('Chinnereth') — the city that gives its name to the Sea of Chinnereth/Galilee, located on the northwestern shore of the lake. Rakkath — possibly the site later rebuilt as Tiberias.
Joshua 19:36
וַאֲדָמָ֥ה וְהָרָמָ֖ה וְחָצֽוֹר׃
Adamah, Ramah, Hazor,
KJV And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Chatsor ('Hazor') — the great city Joshua burned (11:10-11) now appears in Naphtali's city list, indicating it has been rebuilt for Israelite settlement.
Joshua 19:37
וְקֶ֥דֶשׁ וְאֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְעֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר׃
Kedesh, Edrei, En-hazor,
KJV And Kedesh, and Edrei, and Enhazor,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Qedesh ('Kedesh') — Kedesh-naphtali, later designated as a city of refuge (20:7) and a Levitical city (21:32). It will be the staging ground for Barak's army in the battle against Sisera (Judges 4:6, 9-10).
Yiron, Migdal-el, Horem, Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh — nineteen cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV And Iron, and Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath, and Bethshemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Beit Anat ('Beth-anath,' meaning 'house of Anath') — named after the Canaanite warrior goddess Anath. Both Beth-anath and Beth-shemesh ('house of the sun') in Naphtali are cities where the Canaanites were not driven out (Judges 1:33), another instance of incomplete conquest.
The seventh lot came out for the tribe of Dan, clan by clan.
KJV And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Dan is the last tribe to receive its allotment by lot. Dan's original territory was in the central-western region between Judah, Ephraim, and Benjamin — bordering the Philistine coastal plain. The territory proved untenable, leading to Dan's migration north (Judges 18).
The territory of their inheritance included Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir-shemesh,
KJV And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Irshemesh,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Tsor'ah v'Eshta'ol ('Zorah and Eshtaol') — the Samson cities (Judges 13:2, 25; 16:31). These towns in the Sorek Valley were also listed in Judah's territory (15:33), reflecting the overlapping claims in this contested border zone.
Joshua 19:42
וְשַׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְאַיָּל֖וֹן וְיִתְלָֽה׃
Shaalabbin, Aijalon, Ithlah,
KJV And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Ayyalon ('Aijalon') — the valley where the moon stood still during Joshua's battle (10:12). This strategic valley controlling access from the coastal plain to the highlands is within Dan's allotment.
Joshua 19:43
וְאֵל֥וֹן וְתִמְנָ֖תָה וְעֶקְרֽוֹן׃
Elon, Timnah, Ekron,
KJV And Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Timnah — where Samson's Philistine wife lived (Judges 14:1). Ekron — the northernmost Philistine city. Dan's territory theoretically extends into Philistine territory, but the Danites were unable to hold this land (v. 47; Judges 1:34-35).
Joshua 19:44
וְאֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְגִבְּת֖וֹן וּבַעֲלָֽת׃
Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath,
KJV And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Gibbethon — a Philistine-held city where two Israelite kings will be assassinated during siege operations (1 Kings 15:27; 16:15-17), demonstrating how long the Danite/Israelite struggle against Philistine control in this region persisted.
Joshua 19:45
וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵ֥י בְרַ֖ק וְגַת רִמּֽוֹן׃
Jehud, Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon,
KJV And Jehud, and Beneberak, and Gathrimmon,
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
B'nei V'raq ('Bene-berak') — a town in the coastal plain, later the site of a significant rabbinic community.
Me-jarkon, Rakkon, and the territory facing Joppa.
KJV And Mejarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Mei ha-Yarqon ('waters of the Yarkon') — the Yarkon River, which flows to the Mediterranean near modern Tel Aviv. Yafo ('Joppa') — the ancient port city on the Mediterranean coast, later the port from which Jonah will flee (Jonah 1:3) and where Peter will receive his vision of the clean and unclean animals (Acts 10:5-11).
When the Danites lost their territory, they went up and attacked Leshem, captured it, and put it to the sword. They took possession of it, settled there, and renamed Leshem as Dan, after their ancestor Dan.
KJV And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Vayyetse g'vul b'nei Dan mehem ('the territory of Dan went out from them' or 'was too small for them') — the Hebrew is terse but the meaning is clear: Dan could not hold its allotted territory against Philistine and Amorite pressure (Judges 1:34-35). Vayyilachamu im Leshem ('they fought against Leshem') — the Danite migration to the far north, narrated in detail in Judges 18. Leshem (called Laish in Judges 18:7) was a peaceful, isolated city in the upper Jordan Valley that Dan conquered and renamed. Vayyiqr'u l'Leshem Dan k'shem Dan avihem ('they called Leshem Dan, after the name of Dan their father') — the renamed city gives rise to the expression 'from Dan to Beersheba' (the full extent of Israel, north to south).
This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan, clan by clan — these cities with their surrounding settlements.
KJV This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Dan's allocation is nominally complete, but uniquely among the tribes, the Danites could not hold it and migrated to a completely different location. Their story is the most dramatic illustration of the gap between divine grant and human possession.
When they had finished distributing the land as an inheritance with its boundaries, the Israelites gave an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun among them.
KJV When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun among them:
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Vayyitt'nu v'nei Yisrael nachalah liYhoshua bin Nun b'tokham ('the Israelites gave an inheritance to Joshua among them') — Joshua receives his personal inheritance last, after every tribe has been allocated. The leader who distributed everyone else's land receives his own only when all others are settled. This selflessness contrasts with the Joseph tribes' complaint (17:14-18): Joshua asks for nothing while his kinsmen demand more.
By the LORD's command they gave him the city he requested — Timnath-serah in the hill country of Ephraim. He rebuilt the city and settled there.
KJV According to the word of the LORD they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnathserah in mount Ephraim: and he built the city, and dwelt therein.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
Al pi YHWH ('by the LORD's command') — even Joshua's personal inheritance is divinely authorized. Et ha-ir asher sha'al ('the city he requested') — Joshua asked for a specific city, not the best territory. Timnat Serach b'har Efrayim ('Timnath-serah in the hill country of Ephraim') — a modest city in his own tribal territory. The name means 'extra portion' or 'portion of the sun.' Vayyivneh et ha-ir vayyeshev bah ('he built the city and settled there') — Joshua had to rebuild the city himself, suggesting it was in poor condition. The conqueror of Canaan retires to a ruined town he must personally reconstruct. The humility is remarkable.
These are the inheritances that Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the heads of the ancestral houses of the Israelite tribes distributed by lot at Shiloh before the LORD, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. So they finished dividing the land.
KJV These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, divided for an inheritance by lot in Shiloh before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. So they made an end of dividing the country.
Notes & Key Terms
Translator Notes
B'goral b'Shiloh lifnei YHWH petach Ohel Mo'ed ('by lot at Shiloh before the LORD at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting') — the closing verse brings together every element of the allocation process: the authorized administrators (Eleazar, Joshua, tribal heads), the method (lot), the location (Shiloh), the divine presence (before the LORD), and the sacred site (the Tent of Meeting). Vay'khallu mechaleq et ha-arets ('they finished dividing the land') — the land distribution is complete. The promise to Abraham of land for his descendants has been fulfilled in its initial form — allocated by tribe, waiting for full possession.