Jubilees / Chapter 14

Jubilees 14

24 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

The covenant ceremony between God and Abram — the covenant between the pieces. God promises Abram descendants, land, and protection. The four hundred years of servitude in Egypt are foretold. Abram offers the sacrifice of divided animals, and God passes between the pieces as fire. Sarai gives Hagar to Abram, and Ishmael is born.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The covenant between the pieces (Genesis 15:7-21) is retold with careful attention to the sacrificial details. The prophecy of four hundred years in Egypt (v. 13) connects Abram's personal covenant to the national story of the Exodus. The self-imprecation ritual — walking between divided animals — means 'may I become like these carcasses if I break this covenant.' When God alone passes through, the covenant becomes unconditional: God stakes his own existence on its fulfillment.

Translation Friction

The appearance of Hagar and Ishmael is brief, almost perfunctory — Jubilees is less interested in this subplot than Genesis is. The tension between Sarai and Hagar is minimized.

Connections

Genesis 15:7-21 (covenant between the pieces); Genesis 16 (Hagar and Ishmael); Jeremiah 34:18-20 (covenant between pieces as self-curse); Galatians 3:17 (430 years); Exodus 12:40-41 (duration of sojourn).

Jubilees 14:1

Ge'ez

After these events, in the fourth year of that week, on the new moon of the third month, the word of the LORD came to Abram in a dream, saying, 'Do not be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, and your reward will be exceedingly great.'

REF And after these things, in the fourth year of this week, on the new moon of the third month, the word of the Lord came to Abram in a dream, saying: 'Fear not, Abram; I am thy defender, and thy reward shall be exceeding great.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The vision is dated to the new moon of the third month — Sivan, the month of covenant. The timing links this covenant to the Sinai covenant and to Shavuot.
Jubilees 14:2

Ge'ez

He said, 'Lord, LORD, what will you give me? I remain childless, and the son of Maseq, the son of my servant — Eliezer of Damascus — you have given me no offspring.'

REF And he said: 'Lord, Lord, what wilt Thou give me, seeing I go hence childless, and the son of Maseq, the son of my handmaid, is the Dammeseq Eliezer: to me Thou hast given no seed.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abram repeats his complaint about childlessness — the weight of the promise without fulfillment presses on him.
Jubilees 14:3

Ge'ez

God said to him, 'This man will not be your heir. One who comes from your own body — he will be your heir.'

REF And he said to him: 'This (man) shall not be thine heir, but one that shall come out of thine own bowels, he shall be thine heir.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The promise of a biological heir is repeated and confirmed.
Jubilees 14:4

Ge'ez

He brought him outside and said, 'Look toward heaven and count the stars, if you can.' He looked toward heaven and saw the stars. God said, 'So will your descendants be.' He believed the LORD, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.

REF And He brought him forth abroad, and said unto him: 'Look towards heaven and number the stars, if thou art able to number them.' And he looked towards heaven and beheld the stars. And He said unto him: 'So shall thy seed be.' And he believed in the Lord, and it was reckoned to him for righteousness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The stargazing promise and the declaration of faith-righteousness repeated from the previous chapter, emphasizing their centrality.
Jubilees 14:5

Ge'ez

He said to him, 'I am the LORD who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you the land of the Canaanites to possess forever. I will be God to you and to your descendants after you.'

REF And He said unto him: 'I am the Lord that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee the land of the Canaanites to possess it for ever; and I will be God unto thee and to thy seed after thee.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:7 expanded. The phrase 'I will be God to you' adds the covenant formula not present in Genesis 15 but found in Genesis 17:7. Jubilees merges the two covenant accounts.
Jubilees 14:6

Ge'ez

He said, 'Lord, LORD, how will I know that I will inherit it?'

REF And he said: 'Lord, Lord, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit (it)?'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:8. Abram asks for assurance — not doubting but seeking confirmation. God responds with the covenant ceremony.
Jubilees 14:7

Ge'ez

God said to him, 'Bring me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a pigeon.'

REF And He said to him: 'Take Me a heifer of three years, and a goat of three years, and a sheep of three years, and a turtle-dove, and a pigeon.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:9. Five animals for the covenant ceremony — three large (divided) and two birds (not divided, per Genesis 15:10).
Jubilees 14:8

Ge'ez

He took all these in the middle of the month and was dwelling at the oak of Mamre, which is near Hebron.

REF And he took all these in the middle of the month, and he dwelt at the oak of Mamre, which is near Hebron.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Mid-month timing — possibly the full moon. The oak of Mamre is consistently Abram's home base and the site of divine encounters.
Jubilees 14:9

Ge'ez

He built an altar there and sacrificed all of them. He poured their blood on the altar, divided the animals in half, and laid the halves opposite each other. But the birds he did not divide.

REF And he built there an altar, and sacrificed all these; and he poured their blood upon the altar, and divided them in the midst, and laid them over against each other; but the birds divided he not.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:10. The divided animals create a pathway — the covenant parties walk between the halves, invoking the curse: 'May I be torn apart like these animals if I break this covenant.'
Jubilees 14:10

Ge'ez

Birds of prey came down on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away and did not let them touch the pieces.

REF And birds came down upon the pieces, and Abram drove them away, and did not suffer the birds to touch them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:11. The scavenging birds may represent forces that threaten the covenant — enemies, demons, or the nations. Abram's vigilance protects the sacred ceremony.
Jubilees 14:11

Ge'ez

When the sun set, a deep trance fell on Abram, and a dread of great darkness came upon him. It was said to Abram, 'Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land not their own. They will be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years.

REF And it came to pass, when the sun had set, that an ecstasy fell upon Abram, and lo, a horror of great darkness fell upon him, and it was said to Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land (that is) not theirs, and they shall bring them into subjection, and afflict them four hundred years.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:12-13. The 'horror of great darkness' accompanies the prophecy of slavery — the emotional experience matches the content. Four hundred years of Egyptian bondage is foretold within the covenant ceremony itself.
Jubilees 14:12

Ge'ez

But the nation they serve I will also judge, and afterward they will come out with great possessions.

REF And the nation also to whom they will be in bondage will I judge, and after that they shall come forth thence with much substance.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:14. The prophecy includes both the suffering and the deliverance — Egypt will be judged, and Israel will leave wealthy (fulfilled in Exodus 12:35-36).
Jubilees 14:13

Ge'ez

You will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a good old age. In the fourth generation they will return here, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet complete.'

REF And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace, and be buried in a good old age. And in the fourth generation they shall return hither; for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:15-16. Two remarkable statements: (1) Abram himself will die peacefully, and (2) the conquest is delayed because the Amorites have not yet exhausted God's patience. God does not dispossess nations prematurely — even the Canaanites receive a grace period.
Jubilees 14:14

Ge'ez

He awoke from his sleep and got up. The sun had set, and there was a flame — a smoking furnace — and a flame of fire passed between the pieces.

REF And he awoke from his sleep, and he arose, and the sun had set; and there was a flame, and behold a furnace was smoking, and a flame of fire passed between the pieces.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:17. God alone passes between the pieces as fire — Abram does not walk through. This makes the covenant unilateral: God takes the entire oath upon himself. If the covenant is broken, God stakes his own existence.
Jubilees 14:15

Ge'ez

On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, 'To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates — the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, the Phakorites, the Hivites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.'

REF And on that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying: 'To thy seed will I give this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates, the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Perizzites, and the Rephaim, the Phakorites, and the Hivites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 15:18-21. The boundaries — from the Nile to the Euphrates — describe the maximum extent of the promised land, never fully realized except briefly under Solomon. Eleven peoples are named whose land will be given to Abram's seed.
Jubilees 14:16

Ge'ez

The day passed, and Abram offered the divided animals and the birds with their grain offerings and drink offerings, and the fire consumed them.

REF And the day passed, and Abram offered the pieces, and the birds, and their fruit offerings, and their drink offerings, and the fire devoured them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Divine fire consumes the sacrifice — a sign of acceptance. Compare Leviticus 9:24, 1 Kings 18:38, and 1 Chronicles 21:26 where fire from God indicates approval.
Jubilees 14:17

Ge'ez

On that day we made a covenant with Abram, just as he had covenanted with Noah in this month. Abram renewed the festival and the ordinance for himself forever.

REF And on that day we made a covenant with Abram, according as He had covenanted with Noah in this month; and Abram renewed the festival and ordinance for himself for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The covenant with Abram is explicitly linked to the Noahic covenant — both in the same month (the third month, Sivan). Abram's covenant is a renewal and continuation, not something entirely new. The festival is Shavuot/Feast of Weeks.
Jubilees 14:18

Ge'ez

Abram rejoiced and told all these things to his wife Sarai. He believed he would have offspring, but she did not conceive.

REF And Abram rejoiced, and made all these things known to Sarai his wife; and he believed that he would have seed, but she did not bear.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Faith and frustration coexist — Abram believes the promise while living with its non-fulfillment. Sharing the vision with Sarai makes the childlessness a shared burden.
Jubilees 14:19

Ge'ez

Sarai counseled her husband Abram, saying, 'Go to my Egyptian maid Hagar. Perhaps I can build a family through her.'

REF And Sarai advised her husband Abram, and said unto him: 'Go in unto Hagar, my Egyptian maid: it may be that I shall build up seed unto thee by her.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 16:2. Sarai's initiative follows ancient Near Eastern surrogate-motherhood customs (cf. the Code of Hammurabi). 'Build up seed' uses the Hebrew root banah — to build a house/family.
Jubilees 14:20

Ge'ez

Abram listened to his wife Sarai and said, 'Do so.' Sarai took her maid Hagar the Egyptian and gave her to her husband Abram as a wife.

REF And Abram hearkened unto the voice of Sarai his wife, and said unto her, 'Do (so).' And Sarai took Hagar, her maid, the Egyptian, and gave her to Abram, her husband, to be his wife.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 16:2-3. The decision is mutual but initiated by Sarai. Hagar's status changes from maid to wife — a legal upgrade with implications.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)narrative

Identification of the betrayer at the Last Supper revised or clarified

The JST footnote adjusts the detail of how Jesus identifies the one who will betray him, potentially harmonizing with or diverging from the parallel accounts in Matthew, Luke, and John.

Jubilees 14:21

Ge'ez

He went to her, and she conceived and bore a son. He named him Ishmael, in the fifth year of that week — in the sixty-eighth jubilee.

REF And he went in unto her, and she conceived, and bare a son, and he called his name Ishmael, in the fifth year of this week; and in this year was the sixty and eighth jubilee.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ishmael's birth is recorded briefly. His name means 'God hears' (Genesis 16:11). The jubilee dating continues without interruption.
Jubilees 14:22

Ge'ez

Abram rejoiced and called his son Ishmael, because God had heard him.

REF And Abram rejoiced, and called his son Ishmael, because God had heard him.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Despite Ishmael not being the promised heir, Abram rejoices — any son is a mercy to a childless man. 'God heard' — the name itself is a testimony.
Jubilees 14:23

Ge'ez

In that year Abram was eighty-six years old.

REF And in that year Abram was eighty and six years old.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 16:16. Abram is 86 at Ishmael's birth; Isaac will not come until he is 100. Fourteen more years of waiting.
Jubilees 14:24

Ge'ez

Abram offered all the firstfruits as a sacrifice pleasing to the LORD — acceptable and fragrant.

REF And Abram offered all the firstfruits, as a sacrifice pleasing to the Lord, acceptable and sweet-smelling.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The chapter closes with worship — Abram's consistent response to every divine encounter and life event is sacrifice and offering.