Jubilees / Chapter 29

Jubilees 29

20 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Rachel finally bears Joseph. Jacob negotiates with Laban over wages, using the striped-rod strategy with the flocks. God prospers Jacob, and Laban's sons grow jealous. Jacob receives divine instruction to return to Canaan. He departs secretly, and Rachel steals Laban's household idols. Laban pursues but is warned by God in a dream. They make a covenant at Gilead.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Jubilees abbreviates the flock-breeding narrative considerably compared to Genesis 30-31, focusing instead on the divine command to return and the jubilee dating. The stolen teraphim episode is retained but with less emphasis — the author is uncomfortable with Rachel's theft of idols.

Translation Friction

Rachel's theft of the teraphim is problematic for Jubilees' ideology of strict monotheism. The text handles it quickly without the humor of Genesis 31:34-35 (Rachel sitting on the idols). The Gilead covenant receives precise dating.

Connections

Genesis 30:22-31:55 (Jacob's prosperity and departure); Genesis 31:19 (Rachel steals teraphim); Genesis 31:44-54 (covenant at Gilead).

Jubilees 29:1

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

God remembered Rachel and opened her womb. She conceived and bore a son, and she named him Joseph, on the new moon of the fourth month, in the sixth year of the fourth week.

REF And God remembered Rachel, and opened her womb, and she conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Joseph, on the new moon of the fourth month, in the sixth year of the fourth week.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Joseph's birth on the first of the fourth month is another precisely placed date in the jubilee calendar.
Jubilees 29:2

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

After Joseph was born, Jacob said to Laban: Release me with my wives and children so I can go to my father Isaac and build my own household. I have completed the years of service for your two daughters. Let me return to my father's house.

REF And in the days when Joseph was born, Jacob said to Laban: 'Give me my wives and sons, and let me go to my father Isaac, and let me make me a house; for I have completed the years in which I have served thee for thy two daughters, and I will go to the house of my father.'

Jubilees 29:3

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Laban said to Jacob: Stay with me for wages. Tend my flock again, and name your price.

REF And Laban said to Jacob: 'Tarry with me for thy wages, and pasture my flock for me again, and take thy wages.'

Jubilees 29:4

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

They agreed that Jacob's wages would be all the lambs and kids born dark, spotted, or white — these would be his payment.

REF And they agreed with one another that he should give him as his wages those of the lambs and kids which were born black and spotted and white, these were to be his wages.

Jubilees 29:5

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

All the flocks produced spotted, speckled, and dark offspring — young resembling their parents. All the marked animals became Jacob's, and the unmarked ones remained Laban's.

REF And all the sheep brought forth spotted and speckled and black, variously marked, and they brought forth again lambs like themselves, and all that were spotted were Jacob's and those that were not were Laban's.

Jubilees 29:6

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob's wealth increased greatly, and he acquired cattle, sheep, donkeys, camels, and male and female servants.

REF And Jacob's possessions multiplied exceedingly, and he possessed oxen and sheep and asses and camels, and menservants and maidservants.

Jubilees 29:7

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Laban and his sons grew envious of Jacob. Laban took back his sheep from him and watched him with hostile eyes.

REF And Laban and his sons envied Jacob, and Laban took back his sheep from him, and he observed him with evil intent.

Jubilees 29:8

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

The Lord said to Jacob: Get up and return to the land of your fathers and to your family, and I will be with you.

REF And the Lord said unto Jacob: 'Arise, return to the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred, and I will be with thee.'

Jubilees 29:9

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob told Rachel and Leah that the Lord had commanded him to return to his father's house. They said: Wherever you go, we will go with you.

REF And Jacob told Rachel and Leah that he had been commanded of the Lord to return to his father's house. And they said: 'Wheresoever thou goest we will go with thee.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jubilees greatly abbreviates the wives' response found in Genesis 31:14-16, where Rachel and Leah give an extended complaint about Laban's treatment.
Jubilees 29:10

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob set out with his wives and children and all his possessions. He crossed the river and came to the land of Gilead. Rachel had stolen her father's household idols.

REF And Jacob arose and took his wives and his children, and all that he had, and crossed the river, and came to the land of Gilead. And Rachel stole the idols of her father.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The teraphim theft is mentioned almost in passing — Jubilees downplays this embarrassing detail.
Jubilees 29:11

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Laban pursued Jacob, but the Lord warned Laban in a dream not to speak harshly to Jacob.

REF And Laban pursued after Jacob, and the Lord warned Laban in a dream that he should not speak to Jacob harshly.

Jubilees 29:12

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Laban overtook Jacob. Jacob had pitched his tent on the mountain, and Laban with his kinsmen pitched theirs on the mountain of Gilead.

REF And Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent on the mountain, and Laban with his brethren pitched on the mountain of Gilead.

Jubilees 29:13

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob and Laban spoke together and made a covenant on the mountain of Gilead. Laban named the place 'the heap of witness,' but Jacob called it 'the witness of the heap.'

REF And Jacob and Laban spoke and made a covenant on the mount of Gilead, and Laban called it 'The heap of witness'; but Jacob called it 'The witness of the heap.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The dual naming — Aramaic Yegar-sahadutha (Laban) and Hebrew Galeed (Jacob) — reflects the bilingual character of the patriarchal narratives.
Jubilees 29:14

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Laban said: This heap and this pillar stand as witnesses between us today. Therefore the place was called Gilead — the witness of the heap.

REF And Laban said: 'This heap and this pillar are a witness between me and thee this day.' Therefore was the name of that place called Gilead, that is, the witness of the heap.

Jubilees 29:15

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac, and Laban swore by his gods, that neither would cross this mountain toward the other with hostile intent.

REF And Jacob sware by the Fear of his father Isaac, and Laban sware by his gods, that neither should cross the mount of Gilead to the other with evil intent.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'The Fear of Isaac' (Pahad Yitzhaq) is an archaic divine title preserved from Genesis 31:42. Its exact meaning is debated — it may mean 'the Kinsman of Isaac' or 'the Dread One of Isaac.'
Jubilees 29:16

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

They ate and drank, and Jacob and Laban parted from each other in peace.

REF And they ate and drank, and Jacob and Laban departed from one another in peace.

Jubilees 29:17

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Laban returned home, and Jacob continued on his journey. The angels of God met him along the way.

REF And Laban returned to his place, and Jacob went on his way, and the angels of the Lord met him.

Jubilees 29:18

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

When Jacob saw them, he said: This is the camp of God! And he named that place Mahanaim — that is, Two Camps.

REF And Jacob saw them and said: 'This is a camp of the Lord.' And he called the name of that place Mahanaim, that is, the 'two camps.'

Jubilees 29:19

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob sent messengers ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir. Esau came to meet him with four hundred men.

REF And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother in the land of Seir, and Esau came to meet him with four hundred men.

Jubilees 29:20

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob was terrified. He divided everything he had into two groups, and he sent goats, sheep, donkeys, and camels as a gift to his brother Esau.

REF And Jacob was greatly afraid, and he divided all that were with him into two bands, and he sent goats and sheep and asses and camels as a present to Esau his brother.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The reunion with Esau is drastically compressed compared to Genesis 32-33. Notably, the wrestling at Peniel is reserved for the next section.