Jubilees / Chapter 4

Jubilees 4

33 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Cain murders Abel, and Adam and Eve mourn for four weeks of years. Seth is born. The genealogy from Adam through Enoch is recounted with jubilee dating. Cain is killed when his house collapses on him. Enoch is the first to learn writing, witnesses against the Watchers, and is taken into the Garden of Eden where he writes the judgment of all humanity. The chapter ends with the genealogy reaching Methuselah and Lamech.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Jubilees provides names and origins for the wives of the patriarchs — Awan (Cain's wife/sister), Azura (Seth's wife/sister) — resolving a famous gap in Genesis. The Enoch section (vv. 17-26) is pivotal: Enoch invents writing, learns the calendar, testifies against the Watchers, and is placed in Eden to record divine judgments. His translation to the Garden — not to heaven — is a distinctive Jubilees tradition that differs from 1 Enoch. Cain's death by house collapse is a measure-for-measure judgment.

Translation Friction

The marriages between siblings are acknowledged matter-of-factly; the incest prohibitions of Leviticus are not yet operative in the narrative world. Jubilees will later be very strict about such boundaries, creating tension with these foundational marriages.

Connections

Genesis 4:1-5:32 (Cain and Abel, genealogies); 1 Enoch 6-16 (Watchers narrative); 1 Enoch 72-82 (Enoch and the calendar); Genesis 5:24 (Enoch 'walked with God'); Hebrews 11:5 (Enoch translated by faith); Sirach 44:16 (Enoch as example of repentance).

Jubilees 4:1

Ge'ez

In the third week of the second jubilee, Eve gave birth to Cain; in the fourth week she gave birth to Abel; and in the fifth she gave birth to her daughter Awan.

REF And in the third week in the second jubilee she gave birth to Cain, and in the fourth she gave birth to Abel, and in the fifth she gave birth to her daughter Awan.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

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Translator Notes

  1. Jubilee dating: second jubilee (years 50-98), specific weeks within it. Awan is named as Cain's sister — she will become his wife, resolving the classic question of where Cain found his wife.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)theological

Purpose of wilderness visit changed: Jesus goes to commune with God, not primarily to be tempted

The KJV states Jesus was 'led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil.' The JST revision reframes this so the Spirit leads Jesus to commune with God, and Satan's temptation follows afterward as an intrusion rather than the designed purpose. This removes any implication that the Holy Spirit intended Jesus to face temptation, a point of theological sensitivity across multiple traditions.

Jubilees 4:2

Ge'ez

In the first year of the third jubilee, Cain killed Abel because God accepted Abel's sacrifice but did not accept Cain's offering.

REF And in the first (year) of the third jubilee, Cain slew Abel because (God) accepted the sacrifice of Abel, and did not accept the offering of Cain.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Dated to the first year of the third jubilee (year 99). The reason for the murder is stated bluntly: divine preference for Abel's sacrifice provoked Cain's rage. Compare Genesis 4:3-8.
Jubilees 4:3

Ge'ez

He killed him in the field, and his blood cried out from the ground to heaven, accusing him because he had been slain.

REF And he slew him in the field, and his blood cried from the ground to heaven, complaining because he had slain him.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abel's blood has a voice — a theological assertion that innocent death does not go unwitnessed. Compare Genesis 4:10 and Hebrews 12:24.
Jubilees 4:4

Ge'ez

The LORD rebuked Cain on account of Abel because he had killed him, and made him a fugitive on the earth because of his brother's blood, and cursed him on the earth.

REF And the Lord reproved Cain because of Abel, because he had slain him, and he made him a fugitive on the earth because of the blood of his brother, and he cursed him upon the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The curse makes Cain a fugitive — restless wandering as punishment for shedding blood that was rooted in the ground.
Jubilees 4:5

Ge'ez

For this reason it is written on the heavenly tablets: 'Cursed is anyone who strikes his neighbor treacherously, and let all who have seen and heard say, So be it. And the one who has seen and not reported it, let him be cursed like the perpetrator.'

REF And on this account it is written on the heavenly tablets, 'Cursed is he who smites his neighbour treacherously, and let all who have seen and heard say, So be it; and the man who has seen and not declared (it), let him be accursed as the other.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A legal principle derived from Cain's murder: witnesses who remain silent share guilt with the murderer. This witness obligation becomes a foundation for communal justice.
Jubilees 4:6

Ge'ez

For this reason, when we come before the LORD our God, we report every sin committed in heaven and on earth, in light and in darkness, and everywhere.

REF And for this reason we announce when we come before the Lord our God all the sin which is committed in heaven and on earth, and in light and in darkness, and everywhere.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Angels serve as cosmic witnesses and prosecutors — they report all sin to God. This angelic surveillance is a key feature of Jubilees' worldview.
Jubilees 4:7

Ge'ez

Adam and his wife mourned for Abel four weeks of years. In the fourth year of the fifth week they found joy again, and Adam knew his wife, and she bore him a son. He called his name Seth, saying, 'God has raised up another offspring for us on the earth in place of Abel, for Cain killed him.'

REF And Adam and his wife mourned for Abel four weeks of years, and in the fourth year of the fifth week they became joyful, and Adam knew his wife again, and she bare him a son, and he called his name Seth; for he said 'God has raised up a second seed unto us on the earth instead of Abel; for Cain slew him.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Four weeks of years = 28 years of mourning. Seth's name is linked to the verb 'to set/place' (Hebrew shit) — God replaces what was lost.
Jubilees 4:8

Ge'ez

In the sixth week he fathered his daughter Azura. Cain took his sister Awan as his wife, and she bore him Enoch at the end of the fourth jubilee. In the first year of the first week of the fifth jubilee, houses were built on the earth, and Cain built a city and named it after his son Enoch.

REF And in the sixth week he begat his daughter Azura. And Cain took Awan his sister to be his wife and she bare him Enoch at the close of the fourth jubilee. And in the first year of the first week of the fifth jubilee, houses were built on the earth, and Cain built a city, and called its name after the name of his son Enoch.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Azura will become Seth's wife. Cain's city-building (Genesis 4:17) is a sign of his restless energy and desire for permanence despite his fugitive status.
Jubilees 4:9

Ge'ez

Adam knew his wife Eve, and she bore nine more sons. In the fifth week of the fifth jubilee, Seth took his sister Azura as his wife, and in the fourth year of the sixth week she bore him Enosh.

REF And Adam knew Eve his wife and she bare yet nine sons. And in the fifth week of the fifth jubilee Seth took Azura his sister to be his wife, and in the fourth (year of the sixth week) she bare him Enos.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Nine additional sons beyond Cain, Abel, and Seth — Jubilees expands the family considerably. The genealogical line now follows Seth through Enosh, the righteous lineage.
Jubilees 4:10

Ge'ez

Enosh was the first to call on the name of the LORD on the earth.

REF He was the first to call on the name of the Lord on the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Compare Genesis 4:26. Public worship begins with Enosh — the formal invocation of God's name as a communal practice.
Jubilees 4:11

Ge'ez

In the seventh jubilee, in the third week, Enosh took his sister Noam as his wife, and in the third year of the fifth week she bore him a son. He called his name Kenan.

REF And in the seventh jubilee in the third week Enos took Noam his sister to be his wife, and she bare him a son in the third year of the fifth week, and he called his name Kenan.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The pattern continues: patriarchs marry sisters. Each marriage is dated precisely in jubilee-week-year format.
Jubilees 4:12

Ge'ez

At the end of the eighth jubilee, Kenan took his sister Mualeleth as his wife, and she bore him a son in the ninth jubilee, in the first week, in the third year of that week. He called his name Mahalalel.

REF And at the close of the eighth jubilee Kenan took Mualeleth his sister to be his wife, and she bare him a son in the ninth jubilee, in the first week in the third year of this week, and he called his name Mahalalel.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Mahalalel's name means 'praise of God' — the righteous line preserves theological names that honor the Creator.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)theological

'No man hath seen God at any time' revised to accommodate theophany accounts

The KJV 'No man hath seen God at any time' is a major prooftext for divine invisibility and incorporeality. The JST footnote revises this, as it does the parallel in John 1:18, to accommodate the theophany experiences of Moses, Isaiah, and others — and by extension Joseph Smith's First Vision. The revision likely introduces a qualification about seeing God without proper preparation or priesthood standing.

Jubilees 4:13

Ge'ez

In the second week of the tenth jubilee, Mahalalel took as his wife Dinah, the daughter of Barakiel, who was the daughter of his father's brother. She bore him a son in the third week, in the sixth year, and he called his name Jared, for in his days the angels of the LORD descended to the earth — those called the Watchers — to instruct the children of humanity, and to establish justice and righteousness on the earth.

REF And in the second week of the tenth jubilee Mahalalel took unto him to wife Dinah, the daughter of Barakiel the daughter of his father's brother, and she bare him a son in the third week in the sixth year, and he called his name Jared; for in his days the angels of the Lord descended on the earth, those who are named the Watchers, that they should instruct the children of men, and that they should do judgment and uprightness on the earth.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

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Translator Notes

  1. The Watchers' descent is dated to Jared's time (his name is linked to yarad, 'to descend'). Crucially, their original mission was righteous — they came to teach and judge. Their fall came later. This differs from some readings of 1 Enoch where the descent itself is sinful.
Jubilees 4:14

Ge'ez

In the eleventh jubilee, Jared took a wife named Baraka, the daughter of Rasujal, a daughter of his father's brother, in the fourth week of this jubilee. She bore him a son in the fifth week, in the fourth year of the jubilee, and he called his name Enoch.

REF And in the eleventh jubilee Jared took to himself a wife, and her name was Baraka, the daughter of Rasujal, a daughter of his father's brother, in the fourth week of this jubilee, and she bare him a son in the fifth week, in the fourth year of the jubilee, and he called his name Enoch.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch's arrival is carefully dated. His name (chanokh, 'dedicated/initiated') foreshadows his unique destiny among the patriarchs.
Jubilees 4:15

Ge'ez

He was the first person born on earth to learn writing, knowledge, and wisdom, and he wrote down the signs of heaven according to the order of their months in a book, so that people might know the seasons of the years according to the order of each month.

REF And he was the first among men that are born on earth who learnt writing and knowledge and wisdom and who wrote down the signs of heaven according to the order of their months in a book, that men might know the seasons of the years according to the order of their separate months.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch as the inventor of writing and astronomical science. This tradition, found also in 1 Enoch 72-82, makes him the fountainhead of the solar calendar. Knowledge of the calendar is presented as humanity's first and most essential wisdom.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)eschatological

'We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord' — apostolic expectation of imminent return reframed

Paul's first-person 'we' language in the Parousia expectation implies he expected to be alive at the Second Coming. The JST footnote revises this to a more general statement about those alive at that time, removing the implication that Paul was mistaken about the timing of the return.

Jubilees 4:16

Ge'ez

He was the first to write a testimony. He testified to humanity throughout the generations of the earth and recounted the weeks of the jubilees, made known to them the days of the years, set the months in order, and recounted the Sabbaths of the years as we had made them known to him.

REF And he was the first to write a testimony, and he testified to the sons of men among the generations of the earth and recounted the weeks of the jubilees, and made known to them the days of the years, and set in order the months and recounted the Sabbaths of the years as we made (them) known to him.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch receives calendar knowledge from the angels ('as we made them known to him') and transmits it to humanity. The jubilee system itself is attributed to his teaching. He is the first prophet — one who both receives and proclaims divine knowledge.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)covenantal

Promise by faith and grace to Abraham's seed clarified

The JST footnote adjusts Paul's argument about the Abrahamic promise being received through faith rather than law, clarifying how the covenant extends to all Abraham's children.

Jubilees 4:17

Ge'ez

What was and what will be — he saw it in a vision of his sleep, all that will happen to humanity throughout their generations until the day of judgment. He saw and understood everything, and wrote his testimony, and placed it on earth for all humanity and their generations.

REF And what was and what will be he saw in a vision of his sleep, as it will happen to the children of men throughout their generations until the day of judgment; he saw and understood everything, and wrote his testimony, and placed the testimony on earth for all the children of men and for their generations.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch's visions encompass all history — past, present, and future. His written testimony is left on earth as a permanent witness. This legitimates the entire Enochic literary tradition.
Jubilees 4:18

Ge'ez

In the twelfth jubilee, in the seventh week, he took a wife named Edna, the daughter of Danel, the daughter of his father's brother. In the sixth year of that week she bore him a son, and he called his name Methuselah.

REF And in the twelfth jubilee, in the seventh week thereof, he took to himself a wife, and her name was Edna, the daughter of Danel, the daughter of his father's brother, and in the sixth year in this week she bare him a son and he called his name Methuselah.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Methuselah ('man of the javelin' or 'when he dies, it shall come') — his death will coincide with the Flood, according to the chronological tradition.
Jubilees 4:19

Ge'ez

He lived among the angels of God for six jubilees of years, and they showed him everything on earth and in the heavens — the governance of the sun — and he wrote it all down.

REF And he was moreover with the angels of God these six jubilees of years, and they showed him everything which is on earth and in the heavens, the rule of the sun, and he wrote down everything.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Six jubilees = 294 years among the angels. 'The governance of the sun' emphasizes the solar calendar as the central revelation. Enoch is the supreme solar-calendar authority.
Jubilees 4:20

Ge'ez

He testified against the Watchers who had sinned with the daughters of men, for they had begun to join themselves to the daughters of men and defile themselves. Enoch testified against them all.

REF And he testified to the Watchers, who had sinned with the daughters of men; for these had begun to unite themselves, so as to be defiled, with the daughters of men, and Enoch testified against (them) all.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch's role shifts from astronomer to prosecutor. He testifies against the Watchers — the same fallen angels of 1 Enoch 6-16. Their sin is sexual union with human women, producing defilement.
Jubilees 4:21

Ge'ez

He was taken from among humanity, and we led him into the Garden of Eden in majesty and honor. And there he writes down the condemnation and judgment of the world and all the wickedness of the children of humanity.

REF And he was taken from amongst the children of men, and we conducted him into the Garden of Eden in majesty and honour, and behold there he writeth down the condemnation and judgment of the world, and all the wickedness of the children of men.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch is translated to the Garden of Eden — not to heaven, as in 1 Enoch and Genesis 5:24. Eden functions as a heavenly court where Enoch serves as the cosmic scribe, recording all human wickedness for the final judgment. The present tense ('he writes') implies his work continues.
Jubilees 4:22

Ge'ez

Because of the Watchers' sin, God brought the waters of the flood upon all the land of Eden. For Enoch was placed there as a sign, to testify against all humanity, to recount the deeds of every generation until the day of condemnation.

REF And on account of it (God) brought the waters of the flood upon all the land of Eden; for there he was set as a sign and that he should testify against all the children of men, that he should recount all the deeds of the generations until the day of condemnation.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The flood's connection to Eden is unique to Jubilees — the flood reaches even the Garden. Enoch's witness function extends to the final judgment: he records every generation's deeds.
Jubilees 4:23

Ge'ez

He burned the incense of the sanctuary — sweet spices acceptable before the LORD — on the mountain.

REF And he burnt the incense of the sanctuary, (even) sweet spices, acceptable before the Lord on the Mount.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Enoch performs priestly functions in Eden, burning incense as a priest would in the Temple. Eden-as-sanctuary is reinforced; Enoch is the first priest as well as the first scribe.
Jubilees 4:24

Ge'ez

For the LORD has four places on the earth: the Garden of Eden, the Mountain of the East, this mountain where you are today — Mount Sinai — and Mount Zion, which will be sanctified in the new creation for the sanctification of the earth. Through it the earth will be purified from all its guilt and uncleanness throughout the generations of the world.

REF For the Lord has four places on the earth, the Garden of Eden, and the Mount of the East, and this mountain on which thou art this day, Mount Sinai, and Mount Zion (which) will be sanctified in the new creation for a sanctification of the earth; through it will the earth be sanctified from all (its) guilt and its uncleanness throughout the generations of the world.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

""

Translator Notes

  1. Four sacred places form a sacred geography: Eden (primordial sanctuary), Mountain of the East (possibly Ararat or the spice mountains), Sinai (revelation), and Zion (eschatological Temple). The 'new creation' anticipates Isaiah 65:17 and Revelation 21:1.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)theological

Subject who sought to kill Moses changed from the Lord to an angel or adversarial figure

One of the most theologically significant OT footnotes. The KJV states that 'the LORD met him, and sought to kill him,' creating the disturbing image of God attempting to kill Moses. The JST reassigns this action away from God, consistent with JST's consistent effort to remove passages that depict God as violent, capricious, or contradictory toward his own servants.

Jubilees 4:25

Ge'ez

In the fourteenth jubilee, Methuselah took a wife named Edna, the daughter of Azrial, the daughter of his father's brother, in the third week, in the first year of that week. He fathered a son and called his name Lamech.

REF And in the fourteenth jubilee Methuselah took unto himself a wife, Edna the daughter of Azrial, the daughter of his father's brother, in the third week, in the first year of this week, and he begat a son and called his name Lamech.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The genealogy continues through the righteous line: Methuselah to Lamech, who will father Noah.
Jubilees 4:26

Ge'ez

In the fifteenth jubilee, in the third week, Lamech took a wife named Betenos, the daughter of Barakiel, the daughter of his father's brother. In that week she bore him a son, and he called his name Noah, saying, 'This one will comfort me in my trouble and all my work, and for the ground that the LORD has cursed.'

REF And in the fifteenth jubilee in the third week Lamech took to himself a wife, and her name was Betenos the daughter of Baraki'il, the daughter of his father's brother, and in this week she bare him a son and he called his name Noah, saying, 'This one will comfort me for my trouble and all my work, and for the ground which the Lord hath cursed.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah's name is linked to nacham ('comfort/rest'), as in Genesis 5:29. The ground curse from Genesis 3:17 persists — Noah's generation still suffers from Adam's expulsion.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)christological

Jesus's self-disclosure to the Samaritan woman revised

The JST footnote adjusts the 'I that speak unto thee am he' messianic disclosure to provide additional clarity about the nature of Jesus's claim or the Samaritan woman's response.

Jubilees 4:27

Ge'ez

At the end of the nineteenth jubilee, in the seventh week, in the sixth year, Adam died. All his sons buried him in the land of his creation, and he was the first to be buried in the earth.

REF And at the close of the nineteenth jubilee, in the seventh week in the sixth year thereof, Adam died, and all his sons buried him in the land of his creation, and he was the first to be buried in the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Adam dies in the nineteenth jubilee (year 930, matching Genesis 5:5). He is buried where he was created — his origin and end coincide. 'First to be buried in the earth' marks the beginning of human mortality as experienced reality.
Jubilees 4:28

Ge'ez

He lacked seventy years of one thousand. For a thousand years are like one day in the testimony of the heavens, and therefore it was written concerning the tree of knowledge: 'On the day you eat from it, you will die.' For this reason he did not complete the years of that day — he died within it.

REF And he lacked seventy years of one thousand years; for one thousand years are as one day in the testimony of the heavens and therefore was it written concerning the tree of knowledge: 'On the day that ye eat thereof ye shall die.' For this reason he did not complete the years of this day; for he died during it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A brilliant theological solution: God said Adam would die 'on the day' he ate (Genesis 2:17), yet Adam lived 930 years. Since a divine day equals 1,000 years (cf. Psalm 90:4, 2 Peter 3:8), Adam did die within that 'day' — he fell 70 years short of completing the full thousand.
Jubilees 4:29

Ge'ez

At the end of this jubilee, Cain was killed after Adam in the same year — his house collapsed on him and he died inside it, killed by its stones. For with a stone he had killed Abel, and by a stone he was killed in righteous judgment.

REF At the close of this jubilee Cain was killed after him in the same year; for his house fell upon him and he died in the midst of his house, and he was killed by its stones; for with a stone he had killed Abel, and by a stone was he killed in righteous judgment.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Measure-for-measure justice (middah k'neged middah): Cain killed with a stone and died by stones. The collapsing house is Jubilees' unique tradition about Cain's death, not found in Genesis.
Jubilees 4:30

Ge'ez

For this reason it was ordained on the heavenly tablets: 'With the instrument by which a person kills his neighbor, with the same shall he be killed. In the same manner that he wounded him, so shall they deal with him.'

REF For this reason it was ordained on the heavenly tablets: 'With the instrument with which a man killeth his neighbour with the same shall he be killed; after the manner that he wounded him, in like manner shall they deal with him.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The lex talionis (law of retaliation) is presented as a heavenly-tablet ordinance — not merely Mosaic legislation but cosmic law. Compare Exodus 21:23-25.
Jubilees 4:31

Ge'ez

In the twenty-fifth jubilee, Noah took a wife named Emzara, the daughter of Rakeel, the daughter of his father's brother, in the first year of the fifth week. In the third year she bore him Shem, in the fifth year she bore him Ham, and in the first year of the sixth week she bore him Japheth.

REF And in the twenty-fifth jubilee Noah took to himself a wife, and her name was Emzara, the daughter of Rake'el, the daughter of his father's brother, in the first year in the fifth week: and in the third year thereof she bare him Shem, in the fifth year thereof she bare him Ham, and in the first year in the sixth week she bare him Japheth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah's wife is named Emzara — Genesis does not name her. The birth order matches Genesis (Shem, Ham, Japheth), with precise jubilee dating.
Jubilees 4:32

Ge'ez

In the twenty-sixth jubilee, in the fifth week of years, in the first year, the descendants continued to multiply across the earth.

REF And in the twenty-sixth jubilee, in the fifth week of years, in the first year thereof, Jared took to himself a wife, and her name was Baraka, and she bare him a daughter in the seventh year thereof. And Enoch took to himself a wife in the twenty-sixth jubilee.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The genealogical record continues with characteristic precision, tracking the righteous line through jubilee periods as the narrative prepares for the Flood.
Jubilees 4:33

Ge'ez

In the twenty-seventh jubilee marriages continued, and in the twenty-eighth jubilee the signs of corruption appeared on the earth and violence increased.

REF And in the twenty-seventh jubilee he married, and in the twenty-eighth jubilee the signs of corruption were upon the earth and violence increased.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The chapter closes with the ominous note of increasing corruption, preparing for the Watcher narrative and Flood account in the following chapters. Violence and corruption are the twin marks of the pre-Flood world.