Jubilees / Chapter 10

Jubilees 10

36 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Evil spirits — the disembodied offspring of the Watchers — begin tormenting Noah's grandchildren. Noah prays for deliverance, and God commands the angels to bind all the evil spirits. But Mastema, their chief, negotiates to retain one-tenth of the demons to exercise authority over sinners. God teaches Noah medicinal herbs to counteract demonic diseases. The chapter covers the Tower of Babel, the division of languages, and Canaan's illegal seizure of the land allotted to Shem.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The Mastema bargain (vv. 8-11) is one of the most theologically significant passages in Jubilees. God initially orders ALL evil spirits bound, but Mastema negotiates to keep one-tenth — enough to test and punish humanity. This is a theodicy narrative: evil persists in the world not because God is unable to stop it but because he permits a measured amount for disciplinary purposes. The parallel to Job's Satan is explicit. Canaan's land-grab (vv. 29-34) provides the theological basis for the later Israelite conquest — the Canaanites are squatters on Shem's legally allotted territory.

Translation Friction

God's permission for one-tenth of demons to remain active raises profound questions: is God complicit in ongoing evil? The text seems comfortable with this tension in a way modern readers may not be. The demographic detail that Canaan illegally seized his territory is a pointed ethnic polemic.

Connections

1 Enoch 15:8-12 (spirits of dead giants as demons); Job 1-2 (Satan's negotiation with God); Zechariah 3:1-2 (the Accuser); Matthew 12:43-45 (unclean spirits); Mark 5:9 (Legion); Genesis 11:1-9 (Tower of Babel); Genesis 10:15-19 (Canaan's territory).

Jubilees 10:1

Ge'ez

In the third week of this jubilee, the unclean demons began to lead astray the children of Noah's sons, causing them to err and bringing destruction on them.

REF And in the third week of this jubilee the unclean demons began to lead astray the children of the sons of Noah, and to make to err and destroy them.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

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Translator Notes

  1. The 'unclean demons' are the spirits of the dead giants (see 1 Enoch 15:8-12). Their bodies were destroyed in the Flood but their spirits persist, unable to die because of their angelic paternity.
Jubilees 10:2

Ge'ez

Noah's sons came to their father and told him about the demons who were leading astray, blinding, and killing his grandsons.

REF And the sons of Noah came to Noah their father, and they told him concerning the demons which were leading astray and blinding and slaying his sons' sons.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The demons' activity is threefold: spiritual deception (leading astray), mental affliction (blinding), and physical harm (killing). This comprehensive assault requires divine intervention.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)legal

Instruction about writing the commandments on new tablets clarified

The JST footnote revises the tablet-replacement narrative to clarify the nature of what was written, consistent with Restoration theology's distinction between the higher law (given before the golden calf) and the lesser law given afterward. This connects to JST Galatians and the broader JST treatment of the law of Moses.

Jubilees 10:3

Ge'ez

He prayed before the LORD his God, saying, 'God of the spirits of all flesh, you who have shown mercy to me and saved me and my sons from the waters of the Flood, and did not let me perish as you did the children of destruction —

REF And he prayed before the Lord his God, and said: 'God of the spirits of all flesh, who hast shown mercy unto me And hast saved me and my sons from the waters of the flood, And hast not caused me to perish as Thou didst the sons of perdition;

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'God of the spirits of all flesh' — from Numbers 16:22, 27:16. God has authority over all spirits, including the evil ones. Noah's prayer is grounded in prior deliverance.
Jubilees 10:4

Ge'ez

For your grace has been great toward me, and great has been your mercy to my soul. Let your grace be lifted up over my sons, and do not let wicked spirits rule over them, or they will destroy them from the earth.

REF For Thy grace has been great towards me, And great has been Thy mercy to my soul; Let Thy grace be lift up upon my sons, And let not wicked spirits rule over them Lest they should destroy them off the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah's prayer echoes Moses' intercession in chapter 1. The pattern repeats: a righteous leader intercedes against demonic oppression on behalf of his descendants.
Jubilees 10:5

Ge'ez

Bless me and my sons, that we may increase and multiply and fill the earth.

REF But do Thou bless me and my sons, that we may increase and multiply and replenish the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The creation mandate (Genesis 1:28) cannot be fulfilled while demons decimate the population. Noah asks for the precondition of blessing: freedom from demonic oppression.
Jubilees 10:6

Ge'ez

You know how your Watchers, the fathers of these spirits, acted in my day. As for these spirits that are alive, imprison them and hold them in the place of condemnation. Do not let them bring destruction on the sons of your servant, my God, for they are malicious and were created to destroy.

REF And Thou knowest how Thy Watchers, the fathers of these spirits, acted in my day: and as for these spirits which are living, imprison them and hold them fast in the place of condemnation, and let them not bring destruction on the sons of thy servant, my God; for these are malignant, and created in order to destroy.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah identifies the demons' parentage (the Watchers) and asks for their imprisonment. 'Created to destroy' — their very nature is destructive; they have no redemptive potential. Noah's prayer is for total binding.
Jubilees 10:7

Ge'ez

Do not let them rule over the spirits of the living, for you alone can exercise dominion over them. Let them have no power over the sons of the righteous from now until eternity.'

REF And let them not rule over the spirits of the living; for Thou alone canst exercise dominion over them. And let them not have power over the sons of the righteous from henceforth and for evermore.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God's exclusive sovereignty over spirits is the theological ground of the prayer. The righteous deserve protection — this is not universalism but covenantal security.
Jubilees 10:8

Ge'ez

The LORD our God commanded us to bind them all. But the chief of the spirits, Mastema, came and said, 'Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me and let them listen to my voice and do everything I command them. For if none of them are left to me, I will not be able to exercise the authority of my will over humanity, for they are meant for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, since the wickedness of humanity is great.'

REF And the Lord our God bade us to bind all. And the chief of the spirits, Mastema, came and said: 'Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them hearken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; for if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men.'

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

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Translator Notes

  1. Mastema ('Hostility') is Jubilees' name for the Satan figure. His negotiation with God directly parallels Job 1-2: the Adversary requests permission to test humanity, arguing that humans deserve it. God's initial command was total binding — Mastema's petition modifies divine intent, a striking theological claim.
Jubilees 10:9

Ge'ez

God said, 'Let one-tenth of them remain before him, and let nine-tenths descend into the place of condemnation.'

REF And He said: 'Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts descend into the place of condemnation.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God grants Mastema's request but limits it to one-tenth — a tithe of evil. This is a remarkably precise theodicy: evil in the world operates at ten percent of its potential capacity. The remaining ninety percent of demons are imprisoned.
Jubilees 10:10

Ge'ez

He commanded one of us to teach Noah all their medicines, for God knew that humanity would not walk in uprightness or strive in righteousness.

REF And one of us He commanded that we should teach Noah all their medicines; for He knew that they would not walk in uprightness, nor strive in righteousness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God provides a countermeasure: angelic medicine to combat demonic diseases. This knowledge — legitimate healing arts taught by a holy angel — contrasts with the forbidden knowledge taught by the fallen Watchers. There is good angelic instruction and bad angelic instruction.
Jubilees 10:11

Ge'ez

We acted according to all his words: all the malicious evil ones we bound in the place of condemnation, and one-tenth we left so that they would be subject to Mastema on the earth.

REF And we did according to all His words: all the malignant evil ones we bound in the place of condemnation, and a tenth part of them we left that they might be subject before Satan on the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'Subject before Satan' — the angel uses 'Satan' as an alternate name for Mastema, confirming the identification. The bound-to-free ratio (9:1) is fixed and cannot change until the final judgment.
Jubilees 10:12

Ge'ez

We explained to Noah all the remedies for their diseases, along with their methods of seduction, and how he could heal them with herbs of the earth.

REF And we explained to Noah all the medicines of their diseases, together with their seductions, how he might heal them with herbs of the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The angel teaches both diagnosis (how demons seduce) and treatment (herbal medicine). This is the origin of legitimate pharmacology in Jubilees — medicine is an angelic gift.
Jubilees 10:13

Ge'ez

Noah wrote everything in a book as we instructed him, concerning every kind of medicine. In this way the evil spirits were prevented from harming Noah's sons.

REF And Noah wrote down all things in a book as we instructed him concerning every kind of medicine. Thus the evil spirits were precluded from (hurting) the sons of Noah.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah writes a medical book — another instance of the written word as protection and preservation. The book of medicines becomes part of the patriarchal literary heritage.
Jubilees 10:14

Ge'ez

He gave everything he had written to Shem, his eldest son, for he loved him far more than all his other sons.

REF And he gave all that he had written to Shem, his eldest son; for he loved him exceedingly above all his sons.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The medical knowledge passes to Shem — the ancestor of Israel — ensuring that the righteous line possesses the means to combat demonic disease.
Jubilees 10:15

Ge'ez

Noah died and was buried on Mount Lubar in the land of Ararat.

REF And Noah slept with his fathers, and was buried on Mount Lubar in the land of Ararat.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah is buried where the ark landed — his origin point in the post-Flood world becomes his final resting place.
Jubilees 10:16

Ge'ez

He completed nine hundred and fifty years of life — nineteen jubilees, two weeks, and five years.

REF Nine hundred and fifty years he completed in his life, nineteen jubilees and two weeks and five years.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 950 years matches Genesis 9:29 exactly. The jubilee calculation: 19 × 49 = 931 + 2 × 7 = 14 + 5 = 950.
Jubilees 10:17

Ge'ez

In his life on earth he surpassed all humanity except Enoch, because of the righteousness in which he was perfect. For Enoch's role was ordained as a testimony to the generations of the world, so that he would record all the deeds of every generation until the day of judgment.

REF And in his life on earth he excelled the children of men save Enoch because of the righteousness, wherein he was perfect. For Enoch's office was ordained for a testimony to the generations of the world, so that he should recount all the deeds of generation unto generation, till the day of judgment.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah ranks second only to Enoch in righteousness. Enoch's ongoing scribal ministry in Eden (cf. 4:21-23) gives him a unique status that even Noah cannot match.
Jubilees 10:18

Ge'ez

In the thirty-third jubilee, in the first year of the second week, Peleg took a wife named Lomna, the daughter of Sinaar. She bore him a son in the fourth year of that week, and he called his name Reu, saying, 'The children of humanity have become evil through the wicked plan of building a city and a tower in the land of Shinar.'

REF And in the three and thirtieth jubilee, in the first year in the second week, Peleg took to himself a wife, whose name was Lomna the daughter of Sinaar, and she bare him a son in the fourth year of this week, and he called his name Reu; for he said: 'Behold the children of men have become evil through the wicked purpose of building for themselves a city and a tower in the land of Shinar.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The Tower of Babel episode is introduced through the naming of Reu. The tower project is 'wicked purpose' — rebellion against God's command to fill the earth.
Jubilees 10:19

Ge'ez

They departed from the land of Ararat eastward to Shinar, for in his days they built the city and the tower, saying, 'Come, let us ascend through it into heaven.'

REF For they departed from the land of Ararat eastward to Shinar; for in his days they built the city and the tower, saying, 'Go to, let us ascend thereby into heaven.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 11:2-4 retold. The motivation — reaching heaven — is a direct challenge to God's sovereignty over the heavenly realm.
Jubilees 10:20

Ge'ez

They began to build. In the fourth week they made bricks with fire — the bricks served them as stone — and the mortar they used to bind them was asphalt from the sea and from the water springs in the land of Shinar.

REF And they began to build, and in the fourth week they made brick with fire, and the bricks served them for stone, and the clay with which they cemented them together was asphalt which comes out of the sea, and out of the fountains of water in the land of Shinar.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The building technology matches Genesis 11:3 — bricks instead of stone, bitumen instead of mortar. Shinar's bitumen springs are a known geological feature of Mesopotamia.
Jubilees 10:21

Ge'ez

They built it for forty-three years. Its width was 203 bricks, each brick being one-third of a unit in height. Its height reached 5,433 cubits and 2 palms. One wall extended thirteen stades and the other thirty stades.

REF And they built it: forty and three years were they building it; its breadth was 203 bricks, and the height (of a brick) was the third of one; its height amounted to 5433 cubits and 2 palms, and the extent of one wall was thirteen stades and of the other thirty stades.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jubilees provides exact dimensions for the Tower of Babel — numbers not found in Genesis. The precision gives the account a historical-documentary feel, as if the angel recorded the measurements from the heavenly tablets.
Jubilees 10:22

Ge'ez

The LORD our God said to us, 'Look — they are one people and this is what they begin to do. Now nothing they plan will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so that they cannot understand one another's speech. They will be scattered into cities and nations, and a single purpose will no longer unite them until the day of judgment.'

REF And the Lord our God said unto us: 'Behold, they are one people, and (this) they begin to do, and now nothing will be withholden from them. Go to, let us go down and confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech, and they may be dispersed into cities and nations, and one purpose will no longer abide with them till the day of judgment.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 11:6-7 expanded. God addresses the angels ('us') as in the creation narrative. The confusion of language is both punishment and prevention — it breaks the unity that enables collective rebellion.
Jubilees 10:23

Ge'ez

The LORD descended, and we descended with him to see the city and the tower that humanity had built.

REF And the Lord descended, and we descended with him to see the city and the tower which the children of men had built.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'We descended with him' — the angels accompany God on the inspection visit, confirming the plural 'let us go down' of Genesis 11:7.
Jubilees 10:24

Ge'ez

He confused their language, and they could no longer understand one another's speech. They stopped building the city and the tower.

REF And He confounded their language, and they no longer understood one another's speech, and they ceased then to build the city and the tower.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Language confusion ends the project instantly — without shared communication, coordinated effort is impossible.
Jubilees 10:25

Ge'ez

For this reason the whole land of Shinar is called Babel, because the LORD confused all the languages of humanity there. From there they were dispersed to their cities, each according to their language and nation.

REF For this reason the whole land of Shinar is called Babel, because the Lord did there confound all the language of the children of men, and from thence they were dispersed into their cities, each according to his language and his nation.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Babel = balal ('to confuse'). The etymology is the same as Genesis 11:9. Dispersion creates the diversity of nations.
Jubilees 10:26

Ge'ez

The LORD sent a mighty wind against the tower and toppled it to the earth. It was between Assyria and Babylon in the land of Shinar, and they called its name 'Overthrow.'

REF And the Lord sent a mighty wind against the tower and overthrew it upon the earth, and behold it was between Asshur and Babylon in the land of Shinar, and they called its name 'Overthrow'.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. God actively destroys the tower — a detail not in Genesis 11. The tower is not merely abandoned but demolished by divine force. Its ruins between Assyria and Babylon place it in the Mesopotamian heartland.
Jubilees 10:27

Ge'ez

In the fourth week, in the first year, at the beginning of the thirty-fourth jubilee, they were dispersed from the land of Shinar.

REF In the fourth week in the first year in the beginning of the thirty-fourth jubilee, they were dispersed from the land of Shinar.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The dispersion is dated precisely. History moves forward in jubilee-marked time — no event exists outside the divine chronological framework.
Jubilees 10:28

Ge'ez

Ham and his sons went to the land he was to occupy, which he had received as his portion in the south.

REF And Ham and his sons went into the land which he was to occupy, which he acquired as his portion in the land of the south.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ham goes to his allotted territory — Africa and the south. This is the lawful movement, in contrast to Canaan's violation that follows.
Jubilees 10:29

Ge'ez

Canaan saw that the land of Lebanon to the river of Egypt was very good. He did not go to his allotted inheritance in the west by the sea but settled instead in the land of Lebanon, east and west of the Jordan and along the coast.

REF And Canaan saw the land of Lebanon to the river of Egypt, that it was very good, and he went not into the land of his inheritance to the west (that is to) the sea, and he dwelt in the land of Lebanon, eastward and westward from the border of Jordan and from the border of the sea.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. This is the critical legal violation: Canaan refuses his own allotted territory (in North Africa, per chapter 9) and seizes land that belongs to Shem's descendants — the very land later promised to Abraham. The 'very good' language echoes Genesis 1:31, suggesting Canaan coveted creation's best portion.
Jubilees 10:30

Ge'ez

Ham his father, and Cush and Mizraim his brothers, said to him, 'You have settled in a land that is not yours and that did not fall to us by lot. Do not do this! If you do, you and your sons will fall in the land and be cursed for your rebellion. By rebellion you have settled, and by rebellion your children will fall, and you will be uprooted forever.

REF And Ham, his father, and Cush and Mizraim, his brothers, said unto him: 'Thou hast settled in a land which is not thine, and which did not fall to us by lot: do not do so; for if thou dost do so, thou and thy sons will fall in the land and (be) accursed through sedition: for by sedition ye have settled, and by sedition will thy children fall, and thou shalt be rooted out for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Even Ham and his other sons oppose Canaan's land-grab — it is not a family conspiracy but one son's defiance. The warning is explicit: illegal settlement leads to being uprooted. This prophesies the Israelite conquest as divine eviction of squatters.
Jubilees 10:31

Ge'ez

Do not settle in Shem's territory, for it came to Shem and his sons by lot.

REF Dwell not in the dwelling of Shem; for to Shem and to his sons did it come by their lot.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The lot system was divinely overseen — to violate it is to reject God's distribution. Canaan's sin is not merely territorial but theological.
Jubilees 10:32

Ge'ez

Cursed are you, and cursed you will be beyond all the sons of Noah, by the curse with which we bound ourselves by oath in the presence of the holy judge and in the presence of our father Noah.'

REF Cursed art thou, and cursed shalt thou be beyond all the sons of Noah, by the curse by which we bound ourselves by an oath in the presence of the holy judge, and in the presence of Noah our father.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The oath of chapter 9:14-15 is invoked. Canaan triggers the very curse he swore to. The 'holy judge' may be God or the witnessing angel — either way, the oath was sworn before a divine witness.
Jubilees 10:33

Ge'ez

But he did not listen to them. He settled in the land of Lebanon from Hamath to the entrance of Egypt — he and his sons — until this day.

REF But he did not hearken unto them, and dwelt in the land of Lebanon from Hamath to the entering of Egypt, he and his sons until this day.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'From Hamath to the entrance of Egypt' — the exact borders of the promised land in Numbers 34:8 and 1 Kings 8:65. The land Israel later claims is the land Canaan illegally occupied. The conquest is not aggression but recovery of stolen property.
Jubilees 10:34

Ge'ez

For this reason that land is called Canaan.

REF And for this reason that land is named Canaan.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The land is named after its illegal occupant, not its rightful owner. The name itself is a record of the crime.
Jubilees 10:35

Ge'ez

Japheth and his sons went toward the sea and lived in their allotted territory. Madai saw his land by the sea and was not pleased with it, so he asked for a portion from Elam, Asshur, and Arpachshad — his wife's brother — and he settled in the land of Media, near his wife's brother, to this day.

REF And Japheth and his sons went towards the sea and dwelt in the land of their portion, and Madai saw the land of the sea and it did not please him, and he begged a (portion) from Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad, his wife's brother, and he dwelt in the land of Media, near to his wife's brother until this day.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Madai's territorial exchange is legal — he asked permission. This contrasts with Canaan's seizure. Legal transfer is acceptable; theft is not.
Jubilees 10:36

Ge'ez

He named his territory and his sons' territory Media, after the name of their father Madai.

REF And he called his dwelling-place, and the dwelling-place of his sons, Media, after the name of their father Madai.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Media (modern Iran/Kurdistan) is named for Madai — a legitimate naming after a legitimate settler, unlike Canaan's illegitimate naming of his stolen territory.