Jubilees / Chapter 19

Jubilees 19

29 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Sarah dies and Abraham buries her in the cave of Machpelah. Abraham sends his servant to find a wife for Isaac — Rebekah is chosen. Abraham marries Keturah and has more children. Jacob and Esau are born to Rebekah. Abraham loves Jacob and sees in him the covenant heir. The chapter ends with Abraham's growing affection for Jacob.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The shift from Isaac to Jacob as Abraham's favorite grandson anticipates the entire Jacob narrative. Abraham's preference for Jacob over Esau (vv. 16-29) goes far beyond Genesis, where Abraham dies before the twins are distinguishable. In Jubilees, Abraham lives long enough to know both grandsons and deliberately blesses Jacob as the covenant heir, providing patriarchal authorization for Jacob's later supplanting of Esau.

Translation Friction

Abraham's explicit preference for Jacob over Esau intensifies the election theology of Jubilees — Esau is rejected before he acts. This predestinarian element is stronger than in Genesis.

Connections

Genesis 23 (Sarah's death and burial); Genesis 24 (Rebekah chosen for Isaac); Genesis 25:1-6 (Keturah's children); Genesis 25:19-26 (Jacob and Esau's birth); Romans 9:10-13 (Jacob chosen, Esau rejected); Malachi 1:2-3 (I loved Jacob, hated Esau).

Jubilees 19:1

Ge'ez

In the first year of the first week of the forty-second jubilee, Abraham returned and settled near Hebron — that is, Kiriath-arba — for two weeks of years.

REF And in the first year of the first week in the forty-second jubilee, Abraham returned and dwelt opposite Hebron, that is Kirjath Arba, two weeks of years.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham returns to Hebron after his time at Beersheba. Hebron will be the site of Sarah's death and burial.
Jubilees 19:2

Ge'ez

In the first year of the third week of this jubilee, Sarah's life came to its end, and she died in Hebron.

REF And in the first year of the third week of this jubilee the days of the life of Sarah were accomplished, and she died in Hebron.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Sarah dies at 127 years (Genesis 23:1). Her death marks the end of the founding matriarchal era.
Jubilees 19:3

Ge'ez

Abraham went to mourn and bury her. We tested him to see whether his spirit was patient and whether he would speak angry words. He was found patient in this and was not disturbed.

REF And Abraham went to mourn over her and bury her, and we tried him to see if his spirit were patient and he were not indignant in the words of his mouth; and he was found patient in this, and was not disturbed.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The death of Sarah is framed as another test — the angels observe Abraham's grief. His patience in bereavement proves his character yet again.
Jubilees 19:4

Ge'ez

With patient spirit he negotiated with the children of Heth so that they would give him a place to bury his dead.

REF For in patience of spirit he conversed with the children of Heth, to the intent that they should give him a place in which to bury his dead.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 23:3-16. The purchase of Machpelah is a measured, dignified negotiation. Abraham's patience in business matches his patience in faith.
Jubilees 19:5

Ge'ez

The LORD found him faithful in everything he was tested in. Abraham's soul was never impatient, and he was never slow to act, for he was faithful and a lover of the LORD.

REF And the Lord was found faithful in all things wherein He tried him, and Abraham's soul was not impatient, and he was not slow to act; for he was faithful, and a lover of the Lord.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The summary assessment repeated from 16:31 and 17:18 — Abraham's title 'a lover of the LORD' is his enduring legacy.
Jubilees 19:6

Ge'ez

He sent to Mesopotamia to find a wife for Isaac from among the daughters of Shem. Rebekah was taken — the daughter of Bethuel, son of Nahor, Abraham's brother — as a wife for his son Isaac.

REF And he sent Isaac from him to the land of Mesopotamia, to take himself a wife from among the daughters of Shem. And he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel, the son of Nahor, the brother of Abraham, for wife for his son Isaac.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 24 compressed. Endogamy (marriage within the clan) is essential — the covenant line must not intermarry with Canaanites. Rebekah's lineage is impeccable: she is Abraham's grandniece.
Jubilees 19:7

Ge'ez

She came, and Isaac brought her into the tent of his mother Sarah. He loved her, and Isaac was comforted after his mother's death.

REF And she came and Isaac brought her to the tent of Sarah his mother, and he loved her. And Isaac was comforted after the death of his mother.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 24:67. The tent of Sarah is now Rebekah's — continuity of the matriarchal line. Love and comfort come together.
Jubilees 19:8

Ge'ez

Abraham took a third wife named Keturah, from among his household servants, for Hagar had died before Sarah.

REF And Abraham took unto himself a third wife, and her name was Keturah, from among the daughters of his household servants, for Hagar had died before Sarah.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Keturah is identified as a household servant — lowering her status relative to Sarah. The note that Hagar died before Sarah is a unique Jubilees detail.
Jubilees 19:9

Ge'ez

She bore him six sons — Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah — in two weeks of years.

REF And she bare him six sons, Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah, in the two weeks of years.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 25:2. Six sons in fourteen years. These sons become ancestors of Arabian peoples.
Jubilees 19:10

Ge'ez

In the sixth week, in the second year, Rebekah bore Isaac two sons — Jacob and Esau. Jacob was a smooth and upright man, while Esau was fierce, a man of the field, and hairy. Jacob lived in tents.

REF And in the sixth week, in the second year thereof, Rebekah bare to Isaac two sons, Jacob and Esau, and Jacob was a smooth and upright man, and Esau was fierce, a man of the field, and hairy, and Jacob dwelt in tents.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 25:25-27. The characterization is immediately polarized: Jacob is 'smooth and upright,' Esau is 'fierce.' Jubilees sharpens the contrast beyond Genesis, making the moral distinction clear from birth.
Jubilees 19:11

Ge'ez

The boys grew up. Jacob learned to write, but Esau did not, for he was a man of the field and a hunter. He learned warfare, and all his deeds were fierce.

REF And the youths grew, and Jacob learned to write; but Esau did not learn, for he was a man of the field and a hunter, and he learnt war, and all his deeds were fierce.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jacob as a literate scholar versus Esau as an illiterate warrior — this contrast is Jubilees' addition. Writing = Torah knowledge; Esau's illiteracy signals his alienation from the covenant tradition.
Jubilees 19:12

Ge'ez

Abraham loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau.

REF And Abraham loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A reversal of the Genesis pattern where Isaac loves Esau (Genesis 25:28). Jubilees adds Abraham's love for Jacob — the grandfather's preference validates the covenant choice.
Jubilees 19:13

Ge'ez

Abraham observed Esau's behavior and knew that through Jacob his name and descendants would be established. He called Rebekah and gave her instructions regarding Jacob, for he knew that she loved Jacob much more than Esau.

REF And Abraham saw the deeds of Esau, and he knew that in Jacob should his name and seed be called; and he called Rebekah and gave commandment regarding Jacob, for he knew that she (too) loved Jacob much more than Esau.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham makes a deliberate choice based on observed character, not arbitrary preference. He instructs Rebekah — entrusting the covenant's future to the mother who will protect the right son.
Jubilees 19:14

Ge'ez

He said to her, 'My daughter, watch over my son Jacob, for he will take my place on the earth, and will be a blessing among humanity and the glory of all the descendants of Shem.

REF And he said unto her: 'My daughter, watch over my son Jacob; for he shall be in my stead on the earth, And for a blessing in the midst of the children of men, And for the glory of the whole seed of Shem.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham entrusts Jacob to Rebekah — 'my son Jacob' expresses grandpaternal intimacy. Jacob is identified as Abraham's heir in a more direct sense than Isaac, who is the bridge generation.
Jubilees 19:15

Ge'ez

For I know that the LORD will choose him to be a people belonging to himself, above all peoples on the face of the earth.

REF For I know that the Lord will choose him to be a people for possession unto Himself, above all peoples that are on the face of the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's prophetic knowledge of Jacob's election. 'A people for possession' echoes Deuteronomy 7:6, 14:2 — Jacob/Israel as God's treasured possession.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)eschatological

Sharp sword from Christ's mouth and rule with rod of iron revised

The JST footnote revises the description of the returning Christ in the parousia vision, adjusting the violent imagery of the sharp sword and rod-of-iron rule while preserving the eschatological authority claim.

Jubilees 19:16

Ge'ez

Isaac my son loves Esau more than Jacob, but I see that you truly love Jacob.

REF And behold, Isaac my son loveth Esau more than Jacob, but I see that thou truly lovest Jacob.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham acknowledges Isaac's preference for Esau but trusts Rebekah's preference for Jacob. The mother becomes the guardian of the covenant choice when the father is blinded by affection.
Jubilees 19:17

Ge'ez

Show him even more kindness, and let your eyes be upon him with love, for he will be a blessing to us on the earth from now throughout all the generations of the earth.

REF Add still further to thy kindness to him, and let thine eyes be upon him in love; for he shall be a blessing unto us on the earth from henceforth unto all generations of the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Rebekah is charged with nurturing Jacob — maternal love serves the covenant. 'A blessing to us on the earth' echoes the Abrahamic promise of Genesis 12:2-3.
Jubilees 19:18

Ge'ez

Let your hands be strong and your heart rejoice in your son Jacob, for I have loved him far more than all my sons. He will be blessed forever, and his descendants will fill the whole earth.

REF Let thy hands be strong and let thy heart rejoice in thy son Jacob; for I have loved him far more than all my sons. He shall be blessed for ever, and his seed shall fill the whole earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham loves Jacob 'far more than all my sons' — including Isaac and Ishmael. This is a stunning declaration that reframes the entire patriarchal hierarchy. Jacob, not Isaac, is Abraham's true spiritual heir.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)eschatological

Flesh of kings, captains, mighty men at the great supper of God — scope or meaning revised

The JST footnote revises the gruesome battle-feast imagery, which describes birds eating the flesh of fallen enemies, adjusting its eschatological meaning or framing.

Jubilees 19:19

Ge'ez

If anyone could count the sand of the earth, his descendants too could be counted.

REF If a man can number the sand of the earth, His seed also shall be numbered.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The sand metaphor from Genesis 13:16 and 22:17 is applied specifically to Jacob — the innumerable promise narrows to his line.
Jubilees 19:20

Ge'ez

All the blessings with which the LORD has blessed me and my descendants will belong to Jacob and his offspring forever.

REF And all the blessings wherewith the Lord hath blessed me and my seed shall belong to Jacob and his seed alway.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The totality of the Abrahamic blessing is channeled to Jacob. There is no remainder for Esau.
Jubilees 19:21

Ge'ez

Through his descendants my name will be blessed — and the names of my fathers: Shem, Noah, Enoch, Mahalalel, Enosh, Seth, and Adam.

REF And through his seed shall my name be blessed, and the name of my fathers, Shem, and Noah, and Enoch, and Mahalalel, and Enos, and Seth, and Adam.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The blessing chain runs backward through the patriarchal line to Adam himself. Jacob stands at the end (or rather the continuation) of a chain stretching from creation. Seven ancestors are named — the number of completeness.
Jubilees 19:22

Ge'ez

And these will serve to lay the foundations of heaven, strengthen the earth, and renew all the lights in the firmament.'

REF And these shall serve to lay the foundations of the heaven, And to strengthen the earth, And to renew all the luminaries which are in the firmament.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jacob's descendants are given a cosmic vocation — not merely earthly blessing but participation in the renewal of creation itself. This is an eschatological vision: through Israel, heaven and earth are renewed.
Jubilees 19:23

Ge'ez

He called Jacob to him in the presence of his mother Rebekah, kissed him, blessed him, and said:

REF And he called Jacob before the eyes of Rebekah his mother, and kissed him, and blessed him, and said:

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The formal blessing is witnessed by Rebekah — she is the guarantor of the covenant transfer. The kiss is a sign of covenant intimacy.
Jubilees 19:24

Ge'ez

'Jacob, my beloved son, whom my soul loves — may God bless you from above the firmament. May he give you all the blessings with which he blessed Adam, Enoch, Noah, and Shem. All the things he told me and all the things he promised to give me — may he attach them to you and your descendants forever, as long as the days of heaven above the earth.

REF 'Jacob, my beloved son, whom my soul loveth, may God bless thee from above the firmament, and may He give thee all the blessings wherewith He blessed Adam, and Enoch, and Noah, and Shem; and all the things of which He told me, and all the things which He promised to give me, may he cause to cleave to thee and to thy seed for ever, according to the days of heaven above the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The full Abrahamic blessing is formally transferred to Jacob, encompassing all prior covenant blessings from Adam onward. 'Whom my soul loves' — the deepest personal expression of covenant election.
Jubilees 19:25

Ge'ez

May the spirits of Mastema have no power over you or your descendants, to turn you away from the LORD who is your God, from now until eternity.

REF And the spirits of Mastema shall not rule over thee and over thy seed to turn thee from the Lord, who is thy God from henceforth for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's blessing includes protection from Mastema — the adversary who tested Abraham himself. The grandfather prays that the grandson be shielded from the demonic threat that persists in the world.
Jubilees 19:26

Ge'ez

May the LORD God be a father to you, and may you be his firstborn son, and to your people always. Go in peace, my son.'

REF And may the Lord God be a father to thee, and thou His first-born son, and to the people alway. Go in peace, my son.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'His firstborn son' — Israel's title (Exodus 4:22) is given to Jacob personally by Abraham. The familial language of the divine-human relationship is established in the patriarchal blessing.
Jubilees 19:27

Ge'ez

They both departed from Abraham. Rebekah loved Jacob with all her heart and all her soul, far more than Esau, but Isaac loved Esau far more than Jacob.

REF And they both went forth together from Abraham, and Rebekah loved Jacob, with all her heart and with all her soul, very much more than Esau; but Isaac loved Esau much more than Jacob.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The household is divided: Rebekah/Jacob versus Isaac/Esau. The Shema's language ('all her heart and all her soul') is applied to Rebekah's love for Jacob — she loves him with covenant intensity.
Jubilees 19:28

Ge'ez

Abraham loved Jacob more than all his sons.

REF And Abraham loved Jacob more than all his sons.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The final word: Abraham, the father of the entire covenant, loves Jacob above all. This authorizes everything that will follow in Jacob's story.
Jubilees 19:29

Ge'ez

Abraham died and was gathered to his fathers — two jubilees and four weeks of years. The days of Abraham's life were one hundred and seventy-five years.

REF And Abraham died and was gathered unto his fathers, two jubilees and four weeks of years; and the days of the life of Abraham were one hundred and seventy-five years.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 25:7-8. Abraham dies at 175 — 2 × 49 + 4 × 7 + 0 = 126... The jubilee calculation is: the text dates his full age. He dies in peace, as promised (Genesis 15:15).