Jubilees / Chapter 20

Jubilees 20

13 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Abraham gathers all his sons and grandchildren — including Ishmael and Keturah's children — for a final testament. He exhorts them to keep God's ways, practice circumcision, avoid idolatry and sexual immorality, love one another, and walk in righteousness. He warns specifically against the practices of the nations and blesses them all before dismissing them to their respective territories.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Abraham's testament is addressed to ALL his descendants, not just Isaac's line. Even Ishmael and Keturah's sons receive instruction in monotheism and righteousness. This universalism within the family is striking — Abraham's ethical teaching goes beyond the covenant line. The emphasis on sexual purity (vv. 3-6) reflects Jubilees' pervasive concern with boundary-keeping between Israel and the nations.

Translation Friction

The brevity of the chapter relative to its importance is notable — Abraham's farewell speech to his entire family is compressed into 13 verses.

Connections

Genesis 25:1-11 (Abraham's final years and death); Deuteronomy 33 (Moses' farewell blessing); Testament of Abraham (expanded farewell tradition); Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (testament genre); Acts 7:2-8 (Stephen's speech on Abraham).

Jubilees 20:1

Ge'ez

In the forty-second jubilee, in the first year of the seventh week, Abraham called Ishmael and his twelve sons, Isaac and his two sons, and the six sons of Keturah and their sons.

REF And in the forty-second jubilee, in the first year of the seventh week, Abraham called Ishmael, and his twelve sons, and Isaac and his two sons, and the six sons of Keturah, and their sons.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham gathers the entire extended family — Ishmael's line (12 sons, cf. Genesis 25:13-15), Isaac's line (Jacob and Esau), and Keturah's six sons. This is the fullest family assembly in the patriarchal narrative.
Jubilees 20:2

Ge'ez

He commanded them to observe the way of the LORD: to practice righteousness, to love one another, and to behave this way toward all people — that each should walk so as to do justice and righteousness on the earth.

REF And he commanded them that they should observe the way of the Lord; that they should work righteousness, and love each his neighbour, and act on this manner amongst all men; that they should each so walk with regard to them as to do judgment and righteousness on the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The universal ethic: justice, righteousness, and neighbor-love. This is a Noahide-level commandment addressed to all Abraham's descendants, not just the covenant line.
Jubilees 20:3

Ge'ez

They should circumcise their sons according to the covenant he had made with them, and not turn right or left from any of the paths the LORD commanded, and keep themselves from all sexual immorality and impurity, and renounce from among them all immorality and uncleanness.

REF That they should circumcise their sons, according to the covenant which He had made with them, and not deviate to the right hand or the left of all the paths which the Lord had commanded us; and that we should keep ourselves from all fornication and uncleanness, and renounce from amongst us all fornication and uncleanness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Circumcision and sexual purity are paired — both involve the body's boundaries. The language of 'not deviating right or left' echoes Deuteronomy 5:32, 17:11, 28:14.
Jubilees 20:4

Ge'ez

If any woman or girl commits sexual immorality among you, burn her with fire. Let them not pursue immorality after their eyes and hearts. Let them not take wives from the daughters of Canaan, for the offspring of Canaan will be uprooted from the land.

REF If any woman or maid commit fornication amongst you, burn her with fire, and let them not commit fornication with her after their eyes and their heart; and let them not take to themselves wives from the daughters of Canaan; for the seed of Canaan will be rooted out of the land.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The penalty for sexual immorality is severe (burning, cf. Leviticus 21:9 for a priest's daughter). The prohibition of intermarriage with Canaanites is absolute — rooted in Canaan's illegal land-seizure (ch. 10) and Noah's curse (ch. 7).
Jubilees 20:5

Ge'ez

He told them about the judgment on the giants and the judgment on the Sodomites — how they were judged for their wickedness and died because of their sexual immorality, impurity, and mutual corruption through immorality.

REF And he told them of the judgment of the giants, and the judgment of the Sodomites, how they had been judged on account of their wickedness, and had died on account of their fornication, and uncleanness, and mutual corruption through fornication.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Two paradigmatic judgments: the giants (Flood) and Sodom (fire). Both were caused by sexual transgression. Abraham uses history as warning.
Jubilees 20:6

Ge'ez

'Guard yourselves from all sexual immorality and impurity, and from all the pollution of sin, so that you do not make our name a curse and your whole life a mockery, and all your sons be destroyed by the sword. Then you would become cursed like Sodom and your remnant like the sons of Gomorrah.

REF 'Guard yourselves from all fornication and uncleanness, And from all pollution of sin, Lest ye make our name a curse, And your whole life a hissing, And all your sons to be destroyed by the sword, And ye become accursed like Sodom, And all your remnant as the sons of Gomorrah.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's warning is personal — 'our name' would be cursed if his descendants fall into sexual sin. Family honor is at stake alongside covenant faithfulness.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)eschatological

Blessed and holy — those who have part in the first resurrection — eternal death and priesthood language clarified

The JST footnote revises the blessing pronounced on those in the first resurrection, clarifying what it means that 'the second death hath no power' over them and their role as priests of God and Christ.

Jubilees 20:7

Ge'ez

I implore you, my sons, love the God of heaven and hold fast to all his commandments. Do not follow their idols or their impurity.

REF I implore you, my sons, love the God of heaven And cleave ye to all His commandments. And walk not after their idols, and after their uncleanness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'Love the God of heaven' — the Shema's core command, given before Sinai. Abraham anticipates Moses' great commandment (Deuteronomy 6:5).
Jubilees 20:8

Ge'ez

Do not make for yourselves cast or carved gods, for they are emptiness and there is no spirit in them. They are the work of human hands, and all who trust in them trust in nothing. Do not serve them or worship them.

REF And make not for yourselves molten or graven gods; For they are vanity, And there is no spirit in them; For they are the work of (men's) hands, And all who trust in them, trust in nothing. Serve them not, nor worship them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The anti-idol polemic from Abram's youth (ch. 12) is repeated in his old age — a lifelong conviction, now passed to his descendants as final instruction.
Jubilees 20:9

Ge'ez

Serve the Most High God and worship him continually. Always hope for his face. Practice uprightness and righteousness before him so that he may take pleasure in you, grant you mercy, send rain morning and evening, bless all your works on the earth, bless your bread and water, bless the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your land, your cattle herds and your sheep flocks.

REF But serve the Most High God, and worship Him continually: And hope for His countenance always, And work uprightness and righteousness before Him, That He may have pleasure in you and grant you His mercy, And send rain upon you morning and evening, And bless all your works which ye have wrought upon the earth, And bless thy bread and thy water, And bless the fruit of thy womb and the fruit of thy land, And the herds of thy cattle, and the flocks of thy sheep.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A comprehensive blessing-promise: faithfulness brings agricultural prosperity, fertility, and divine favor. This parallels Deuteronomy 28:1-14 (blessings for obedience).
Jubilees 20:10

Ge'ez

You will be a blessing on the earth, and all the nations of the earth will desire you. They will bless your sons in my name, so that they may be blessed as I am.

REF And ye shall be for a blessing on the earth, And all nations of the earth shall desire you, And bless your sons in my name, That they may be blessed as I am.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The Abrahamic blessing (Genesis 12:3) is restated as a family obligation: they must live in such a way that the nations want their blessing.
Jubilees 20:11

Ge'ez

He gave gifts to Ishmael and his sons and to the sons of Keturah, and sent them away from his son Isaac. He gave everything to Isaac his son.

REF And he gave to Ishmael and to his sons, and to the sons of Keturah, gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, and he gave everything to Isaac his son.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Genesis 25:5-6. Isaac receives 'everything' — the other sons get gifts but not the inheritance. The separation is geographic and economic.
Jubilees 20:12

Ge'ez

Ishmael and his sons and the sons of Keturah and their sons went together and settled from Paran to the entrance of Babylon — in all the land to the east, facing the desert.

REF And Ishmael and his sons, and the sons of Keturah and their sons, went together and dwelt from Paran to the entering in of Babylon, in all the land which is towards the East, facing the desert.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The non-covenant lines settle east of Canaan — Arabia and Mesopotamia. Their territory is defined but separate from the promised land.
Jubilees 20:13

Ge'ez

They intermingled with each other, and their name was called Arabs and Ishmaelites.

REF And these mingled with each other, and their name was called Arabs, and Ishmaelites.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The merging of Ishmael's and Keturah's descendants produces the Arab peoples. Jubilees provides an etiology for the Arab identity through Abrahamic descent.