Jubilees / Chapter 21

Jubilees 21

25 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Abraham gives Isaac detailed priestly instructions about sacrifice — the types of wood permitted for the altar, the proper handling of blood, the salt requirement, and the washing of hands and feet before approaching the altar. He warns against idol worship and commands Isaac to love his brother Jacob. Abraham blesses Isaac with the full patriarchal blessing.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

This chapter reads like a priestly manual — the level of sacrificial detail (specific types of wood, the requirement for salt, hand-washing protocols) is remarkable for a patriarchal testament. Abraham functions as a priest teaching his successor. The wood specification (vv. 12-14) — fourteen types of acceptable wood — has no parallel in the Pentateuch and may reflect Temple practice known to the author. The love-command regarding Jacob (v. 25) makes explicit what the narrative implies.

Translation Friction

The anachronistic priestly detail is extreme — Abraham could not have known Temple-specific wood requirements. The text is clearly projecting Second Temple practice onto the patriarchal era.

Connections

Leviticus 1-7 (sacrificial legislation); Leviticus 2:13 (salt with offerings); Exodus 30:19-21 (priestly hand-washing); Malachi 1:7-12 (defiled offerings); Sirach 45:6-22 (priestly duties); 11QTemple (Temple Scroll sacrificial details).

Jubilees 21:1

Ge'ez

In the sixth year of the seventh week of this jubilee, Abraham called his son Isaac and commanded him, saying, 'I have grown old and do not know the day of my death, for I am full of my days.

REF And in the sixth year of the seventh week of this jubilee Abraham called Isaac his son and commanded him saying: 'I am become old, and know not the day of my death, for I am full of my days.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's second, more private testament — addressed to Isaac alone, unlike the family-wide address of chapter 20. The tone is intimate and urgent.
Jubilees 21:2

Ge'ez

I am one hundred and seventy-five years old, and throughout all the days of my life I have remembered the LORD and sought with all my heart to do his will and walk uprightly in all his ways.

REF And behold, I am one hundred and seventy-five years old, and throughout all the days of my life I have remembered the Lord, and sought with all my heart to do His will, and to walk uprightly in all His ways.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's lifelong testimony: consistent devotion. The whole-hearted pursuit of God's will is his defining characteristic.
Jubilees 21:3

Ge'ez

My soul has hated idols. I have despised those who serve them. I have devoted my heart and spirit to observe the will of the one who created me.

REF My soul hath hated idols, And I have despised those that served them, And I have given my heart and spirit That I might observe to do the will of Him who created me.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's anti-idol conviction from his youth (ch. 12) persists to his death. 'The one who created me' — Abraham's characteristic way of identifying God: the Creator.
Jubilees 21:4

Ge'ez

For he is the living God — holy, faithful, and righteous beyond all. He shows no favoritism and accepts no bribes, for God is righteous and executes judgment on all who transgress his commandments and despise his covenant.

REF For He is the living God, and He is holy and faithful, and He is righteous beyond all, And there is with Him no accepting of (men's) persons and no accepting of gifts; For God is righteous, and executeth judgment on all those who transgress His commandments and despise His covenant.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A theological summary: God is living (not dead like idols), holy, faithful, righteous, impartial, and incorruptible. This creed could stand as the theological foundation of the entire book.
Jubilees 21:5

Ge'ez

My son, observe his commandments, ordinances, and judgments. Do not follow abominations or carved images or cast images.

REF Do thou, my son, observe His commandments and His ordinances and His judgments, and walk not after the abominations and after the graven images and after the molten images.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Three categories of divine law: commandments, ordinances, judgments — the same threefold division found throughout Deuteronomy.
Jubilees 21:6

Ge'ez

Eat no blood of any animal, bird, or cattle.

REF And eat no blood of any animal, nor of any bird, nor of any cattle.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The blood prohibition — a through-line from Noah (ch. 6-7) through Abraham to Moses. It is the most frequently repeated commandment in Jubilees.
Jubilees 21:7

Ge'ez

If you slaughter an animal as an acceptable peace offering, slaughter it and pour its blood on the altar. Offer all the fat of the offering on the altar with fine flour and the grain offering mixed with oil, with its drink offering — offer them all together on the altar of burnt offering. It is a pleasing aroma before the LORD.

REF And if thou dost slay a victim as an acceptable peace offering, slay ye it, and pour out its blood upon the altar, and all the fat of the offering offer on the altar with fine flour (and the meat offering) mingled with oil, with its drink offering — offer them all together on the altar of burnt offering; it is a sweet savour before the Lord.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Detailed sacrificial procedure: blood on the altar, fat burned, grain offering with oil, drink offering. Each element has its proper place and sequence.
Jubilees 21:8

Ge'ez

You shall offer the fat of the thank offering on the fire on the altar — the fat covering the entrails, all the fat on the inner organs, the two kidneys and all the fat on them, the fat on the loins, and the liver, which you shall remove along with the kidneys.

REF And thou wilt offer the fat of the sacrifice of thank offerings on the fire which is on the altar, and the fat which is on the belly, and all the fat on the inwards and the two kidneys, and all the fat that is upon them, and upon the loins and liver thou shalt remove together with the kidneys.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Leviticus 3:3-5 in Abraham's voice. The specificity of the fat portions — kidneys, loins, liver — matches Levitical law exactly. Jubilees treats Abraham as the first priest who knows the full sacrificial code.
Jubilees 21:9

Ge'ez

Offer all these as a pleasing aroma, acceptable before the LORD, with its grain offering and drink offering — a fragrant offering, the bread of the offering to the LORD.

REF And offer all these for a sweet savour acceptable before the Lord, with its meat-offering and with its drink-offering, for a sweet savour, the bread of the offering unto the Lord.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'Bread of the offering' — the sacrifice is God's 'food' in a metaphorical sense (cf. Leviticus 21:6). The complete offering includes animal, grain, oil, wine, and incense.
Jubilees 21:10

Ge'ez

Eat its meat on that day and the second day, but do not let the sun set on the second day before it is consumed. Let nothing remain until the third day, for it is not acceptable and must not be eaten. Anyone who eats it will bring sin upon themselves. For this is what I found written in the books of my forefathers, in the words of Enoch and in the words of Noah.

REF And eat its meat on that day and on the second day, and let not the sun on the second day go down upon it till it is eaten, and let nothing be left over for the third day; for it is not acceptable [for it is not approved] and let it no longer be eaten, and all who eat thereof will bring sin upon themselves; for thus I have found it written in the books of my forefathers, and in the words of Enoch, and in the words of Noah.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Leviticus 7:16-17 and 19:6-7: peace offering meat must be eaten within two days. Abraham cites his authority: the books of Enoch and Noah. This establishes a patriarchal literary tradition predating the Torah.
Jubilees 21:11

Ge'ez

On all your offerings you shall sprinkle salt. Let the salt of the covenant never be absent from any of your offerings before the LORD.

REF And on all thy offerings thou shalt strew salt, and let not the salt of the covenant be lacking in all thy offerings before the Lord.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Leviticus 2:13: 'the salt of the covenant of your God.' Salt preserves and purifies — its presence in every offering symbolizes the enduring covenant.
Jubilees 21:12

Ge'ez

Regarding the wood for sacrifices, take care to bring only these woods for the altar: cypress, bay, almond, fir, pine, cedar, juniper, fig, olive, myrrh, laurel, and aspalathus.

REF And as regards the wood of the sacrifices, beware lest thou bring (other) wood for the altar in addition to these: cypress, bay, almond, fir, pine, cedar, savin, fig, olive, myrrh, laurel, and aspalathus.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Twelve types of acceptable wood — this specific list has no parallel in the Pentateuch but matches traditions found in later rabbinic sources and possibly the Temple Scroll. The restriction on wood types reflects purity concerns: some woods produce impure smoke or unpleasant odors.
Jubilees 21:13

Ge'ez

From these kinds of wood, place on the altar beneath the sacrifice those that have been inspected for their appearance. Do not use any split or discolored wood — only hard, clean wood without defect, sound and newly grown. Do not use old wood, for its fragrance has gone — it no longer has its original scent.

REF And of these kinds of wood lay upon the altar under the sacrifice, such as have been tested as to their appearance, and do not lay (thereon) any split or dark wood, (but) hard and clean, without fault, a sound and new growth; and do not lay (thereon) old wood, for its fragrance is gone; for there is no longer fragrance in it as before.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The wood must be inspected, clean, free of defects, and fragrant — the same standards applied to sacrificial animals are applied to the fuel. Everything that touches the altar must be perfect.
Jubilees 21:14

Ge'ez

Apart from these kinds of wood, you shall place no other on the altar, for the fragrance disperses and the smell of its scent rises to heaven.

REF Besides these kinds of wood there is no other that thou shalt place (on the altar), for the fragrance is dispersed, and the smell of its fragrance goeth up to heaven.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The ascending fragrance represents prayer and worship rising to God. Only proper fuel produces proper fragrance.
Jubilees 21:15

Ge'ez

Observe this commandment and practice it, my son, so that you may conduct yourself rightly in all your actions.

REF Observe this commandment and do it, my son, that thou mayest conduct thyself rightly in all thy doings.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Obedience to sacrificial law leads to right conduct in all areas — ritual faithfulness and moral faithfulness are connected.
Jubilees 21:16

Ge'ez

At all times keep your body clean. Wash yourself with water before you go to make an offering on the altar. Wash your hands and feet before you approach the altar, and when you have finished sacrificing, wash your hands and feet again.

REF And at all times be clean in thy body, and wash thyself with water before thou goest to make an offering upon the altar, and wash thy hands and thy feet before thou drawest near to the altar; and when thou art done sacrificing, wash thy hands and thy feet again.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Triple washing: before approaching, at the altar, and after sacrificing. Compare Exodus 30:19-21 (priestly washing at the bronze laver). Physical cleanliness mirrors spiritual purity.
Jubilees 21:17

Ge'ez

Let no blood be visible on you or on your clothes. Be on guard, my son, against blood — be exceedingly careful. Cover it with earth.

REF And let no blood appear upon you or upon your clothes; be on thy guard, my son, against blood, be on thy guard exceedingly; cover it with dust.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Blood management is a priestly responsibility: no blood on the worshipper's person or clothing, and all spilled blood must be covered with earth (Leviticus 17:13). The double warning ('be on guard... be exceedingly careful') shows the gravity.
Jubilees 21:18

Ge'ez

Do not eat any blood, for it is the life. Eat no blood whatsoever.

REF And do not eat any blood, for it is the life; eat no blood whatever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The blood prohibition one more time — Abraham repeats it because it is the most fundamental dietary law. Its repetition throughout Jubilees (chs. 6, 7, 21) signals its supreme importance.
Jubilees 21:19

Ge'ez

Do not accept any payment for human blood, so that it is not shed with impunity, without justice. For it is shed blood that causes the earth to sin, and the earth cannot be cleansed from human blood except by the blood of the one who shed it.

REF And do not take any gift for the blood of man, lest it be shed with impunity, without judgment; for it is the blood that is shed that causes the earth to sin, and the earth cannot be cleansed from the blood of man save by the blood of him who shed it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. No blood-money (bribes to avoid punishment for murder). The principle of Numbers 35:33 is stated: the land is polluted by shed blood and can only be cleansed by the murderer's blood. Justice is not optional.
Jubilees 21:20

Ge'ez

Accept no bribe regarding human blood: blood for blood. Then you will be accepted before the LORD, the Most High God, for he defends the righteous. So may you be kept from all evil, and may he save you from every kind of death.

REF And take no present or gift for the blood of man: blood for blood, that thou mayest be accepted before the Lord, the Most High God; for He is the defence of the good: and that thou mayest be preserved from all evil, and that He may save thee from every kind of death.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Justice in blood-cases brings divine protection. The lex talionis ('blood for blood') is the foundation of a just society. God himself is 'the defense of the good' — the righteous judge.
Jubilees 21:21

Ge'ez

I see, my son, that all the works of humanity are sin and wickedness, and all their deeds are impurity, abomination, and pollution. There is no righteousness among them.

REF I see, my son, that all the works of the children of men are sin and wickedness, And all their deeds are uncleanness and an abomination and a pollution, And there is no righteousness with them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A sober assessment of the human condition — total depravity language that echoes Genesis 6:5 and Ecclesiastes 7:20. Abraham sees the world clearly and warns his son accordingly.
Jubilees 21:22

Ge'ez

Beware of walking in their ways and treading in their paths, lest you commit a sin worthy of death before the Most High God. Then he would hide his face from you and deliver you into the hands of your transgression, and uproot you from the land — you and your descendants from under heaven — and your name and your offspring would perish from the whole earth.

REF Beware lest thou shouldest walk in their ways, And tread in their paths, And sin a sin unto death before the Most High God. Else He will hide His face from thee, And will deliver thee into the hands of thy transgression, And root thee out of the land, and thy seed likewise from under heaven, And thy name and thy seed shall perish from the whole earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The warning is existential: covenant unfaithfulness leads to divine face-hiding, exile, and total annihilation. The stakes could not be higher.
Jubilees 21:23

Ge'ez

Turn away from all their deeds and all their impurity. Observe the ordinance of the Most High God, do his will, and be upright in all things.

REF Turn away from all their deeds and all their uncleanness, and observe the ordinance of the Most High God, and do His will and be upright in all things.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The positive command follows the negative: turn from evil, turn to God, obey, and be upright. Repentance and obedience are two sides of the same act.
Jubilees 21:24

Ge'ez

He will bless you in all your works and raise up from you the plant of righteousness across the whole earth, throughout all the generations of the earth. My name and your name will not be forgotten under heaven forever.'

REF And He will bless thee in all thy works, and will raise up from thee the plant of righteousness through all the earth, throughout all the generations of the earth, and my name and thy name shall not be forgotten under heaven for ever.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'Plant of righteousness' — the eschatological community that grows from Abraham's seed through Isaac and Jacob. The promise of eternal remembrance transcends individual mortality.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)eschatological

Nations walking in the light of the New Jerusalem — 'saved' nations language revised

The JST footnote revises the vision of nations bringing glory into the New Jerusalem, clarifying which nations are described and the nature of their participation in the eternal city, consistent with Restoration three-degrees-of-glory eschatology.

Jubilees 21:25

Ge'ez

He blessed Jacob and said, 'My son Jacob, whom my soul loves — may God bless you from above the firmament and give you all the blessings with which he blessed Adam, Enoch, Noah, and Shem. May all the things he told me and all the things he promised to give me be attached to you and your descendants forever.'

REF And he blessed Jacob and said: 'My son Jacob, whom my soul loveth, may God bless thee from above the firmament, and may He give thee all the blessings wherewith He blessed Adam, and Enoch, and Noah, and Shem; and all the things which He told me, and all the things which He promised to give me, may he cause to cleave to thee and to thy seed for ever.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The full Abrahamic blessing transferred to Jacob directly, bypassing Esau entirely. This is the same blessing as 19:24, now formalized in Isaac's presence (implicitly). The chain of blessing stretches from Adam to Jacob.