Jubilees / Chapter 22

Jubilees 22

30 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Abraham's final blessing on Jacob — the most extensive and intimate blessing in the book. Abraham prays over Jacob, asking God to choose him and his descendants forever. He warns Jacob against intermarriage with Canaanites and blesses him with sovereignty over nations. Jacob sleeps in Abraham's bosom that night. Abraham dies peacefully. Isaac and Ishmael bury him at Machpelah.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Abraham's prayer in this chapter (vv. 7-23) is the emotional climax of the Abraham cycle in Jubilees. He holds Jacob on his knees, kisses him, and prays with an intensity that goes far beyond any Genesis passage. The physical intimacy — Jacob sleeping in Abraham's 'bosom' (v. 26) — echoes the beloved disciple leaning on Jesus' breast (John 13:23). Abraham explicitly asks God to 'choose' Jacob — election as a prayer, not merely a decree.

Translation Friction

Abraham's prayer for Jacob's election implies that election is not yet settled, creating tension with the predestinarian language elsewhere in Jubilees. The fierce anti-Canaanite language (vv. 20-22) is uncomfortable for modern readers.

Connections

Genesis 25:7-10 (Abraham's death and burial); Genesis 27-28 (Jacob receives the blessing); Deuteronomy 7:1-4 (prohibition of Canaanite intermarriage); Isaiah 41:8 (Abraham, God's friend); James 2:23 (Abraham, friend of God); John 13:23 (the beloved disciple in Jesus' bosom).

Jubilees 22:1

Ge'ez

In the first week of the forty-fourth jubilee, in the second year — the year Abraham died — Isaac and Ishmael came from the Well of the Oath to celebrate the Feast of Weeks — the feast of the firstfruits of the harvest — with their father Abraham.

REF And it came to pass in the first week in the forty-fourth jubilee, in the second year, that is, the year in which Abraham died, that Isaac and Ishmael came from the Well of the Oath to celebrate the feast of weeks — that is, the feast of the first fruits of the harvest — to Abraham, their father.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Isaac and Ishmael come together to celebrate Shavuot with Abraham — a moment of family unity at the end of Abraham's life. The Feast of Weeks/Firstfruits continues as the patriarchal covenant festival.
Jubilees 22:2

Ge'ez

Abraham rejoiced because his two sons had come. Isaac had many possessions in Beersheba, and he would regularly go to inspect them and then return to his father.

REF And Abraham rejoiced because his two sons had come, for Isaac had many possessions in Beersheba, and Isaac was wont to go and see his possessions and to return to his father.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Both sons at Abraham's side — a rare moment of harmony in the divided family. Isaac's wealth in Beersheba shows his prosperity.
Jubilees 22:3

Ge'ez

In those days Isaac went to inspect his possessions and brought his father Abraham some firstfruits of the land — grapes, dates, and a young goat.

REF And in those days Isaac went to see his possessions, and he brought to his father Abraham some first fruits of the land, (even) grapes, and dates, and a kid of the goats.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Isaac's offerings represent the land's bounty — a tangible sign that the promised land produces abundance.
Jubilees 22:4

Ge'ez

Abraham ate and drank and blessed the Most High God who created heaven and earth, who made all the good things of the earth and gave them to humanity so they might eat, drink, and bless their Creator.

REF And Abraham ate and drank, and blessed the Most High God, Who hath created heaven and earth, Who hath made all the fat things of the earth, And given them to the children of men That they might eat and drink and bless their Creator.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's table blessing — gratitude for creation's bounty. This is the paradigm for every meal blessing: acknowledge the Creator and give thanks.
Jubilees 22:5

Ge'ez

'Now I give thanks to you, my God, because you have let me see this day. I am one hundred and seventy-five years old, an old man, full of days, and all my days have been peace to me.

REF 'And now I give thanks unto Thee, my God, because thou hast caused me to see this day: behold, I am one hundred and seventy-five years old, an old man and full of days, and all my days have been unto me peace.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's final thanksgiving: peace has characterized his life. Despite all the trials, the dominant note is shalom — wholeness, completion, peace.
Jubilees 22:6

Ge'ez

The sword of the adversary has not overcome me in all that you have given me and my children, all the days of my life until this day.

REF The sword of the adversary has not overcome me in all that Thou hast given me and my children all the days of my life until this day.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'The adversary' — Mastema, who tested Abraham repeatedly. Abraham's testimony: the enemy has not prevailed. The cosmic trial is over, and Abraham has won.
Jubilees 22:7

Ge'ez

My God, let your mercy and peace rest on your servant and on his sons' descendants, that they may be a chosen nation and an inheritance for you from among all the nations of the earth, from now through all the days of the generations of the earth, unto all the ages.'

REF My God, let Thy mercy and Thy peace be upon Thy servant, And upon the seed of his sons, That they may be unto Thee a chosen nation and an inheritance From amongst all the nations of the earth from henceforth unto all the days of the generations of the earth, unto all the ages.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's dying prayer is for election: that his descendants through Jacob be God's chosen nation forever. This is election-as-prayer, not election-as-decree — Abraham asks for what God has already promised.
Jubilees 22:8

Ge'ez

He called Jacob and said, 'My son Jacob, may the God of all bless you and strengthen you to do righteousness and his will before him. May he choose you and your descendants to become a people belonging to him according to his will, always. Now, my son Jacob, come near and kiss me.'

REF And he called Jacob and said: 'My son Jacob, may the God of all bless thee and strengthen thee to do righteousness, and His will before Him, and may He choose thee and thy seed that ye may become a people for His inheritance according to His will alway. And do thou, my son Jacob, draw near and kiss me.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The final direct address to Jacob. The prayer for election is followed by physical intimacy — the kiss seals the blessing. 'The God of all' — the universal God chooses a particular people.
Jubilees 22:9

Ge'ez

Jacob drew near and kissed him. Abraham said, 'Blessed be my son Jacob and all the sons of the Most High God, unto all the ages. May God give you a righteous offspring. May he sanctify some of your sons in the midst of the whole earth. May nations serve you, and all nations bow before your descendants.

REF And he drew near and kissed him, and he said: 'Blessed be my son Jacob And all the sons of God Most High, unto all the ages: May God give unto thee a seed of righteousness; And some of thy sons may He sanctify In the midst of the whole earth; May nations serve thee, And all the nations bow themselves before thy seed.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The blessing combines intimate affection with cosmic scope. 'Some of your sons' sanctified suggests the priestly tribe (Levi). Nations serving and bowing — the royal promise.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)narrative

Companions' experience on the Damascus road — whether they heard the voice clarified

The KJV Acts 22:9 states Paul's companions 'heard not the voice,' while Acts 9:7 says they 'heard a voice,' creating an apparent contradiction. The JST footnote revises one account to harmonize the two, likely clarifying that they heard a sound but did not understand the words or hear the message.

Jubilees 22:10

Ge'ez

Be strong in the presence of all people and exercise authority over all the descendants of Seth. Then your ways and the ways of your sons will be vindicated, and they will become a holy nation.

REF Be strong in the presence of men, And exercise authority over all the seed of Seth. Then thy ways and the ways of thy sons will be justified, So that they shall become a holy nation.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'Seed of Seth' = all humanity (since all descend from Seth through Noah). Jacob's authority extends over the entire human race. 'Holy nation' echoes Exodus 19:6.
Jubilees 22:11

Ge'ez

May the Most High God give you all the blessings with which he blessed me and Noah and Adam. May they rest on the sacred head of your descendants, from generation to generation forever.

REF May the Most High God give thee all the blessings Wherewith He has blessed me And wherewith He blessed Noah and Adam; May they rest on the sacred head of thy seed From generation to generation for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The full chain of blessing — Adam, Noah, Abraham — converges on Jacob's head. 'Sacred head' — Jacob's line is set apart from all others.
Jubilees 22:12

Ge'ez

May he cleanse you from all unrighteousness and impurity, and forgive all the sins you have committed in ignorance. May he strengthen and bless you, and may you inherit the whole earth.

REF And may He cleanse thee from all unrighteousness and impurity, That thou mayest be forgiven all the transgressions which thou hast committed ignorantly. And may He strengthen thee, and bless thee. And mayest thou inherit the whole earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Forgiveness for sins of ignorance — a realistic blessing that acknowledges human frailty. 'Inherit the whole earth' goes beyond the promised land to universal inheritance.
Jubilees 22:13

Ge'ez

May he renew his covenant with you, so that you may be a nation belonging to him for all the ages, and so that he may be God to you and your descendants in truth and righteousness throughout all the days of the earth.'

REF And may He renew His covenant with thee, That thou mayest be to Him a nation for His inheritance for all the ages, And that He may be to thee and to thy seed a God in truth and righteousness throughout all the days of the earth.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The covenant formula one final time: 'you will be my people, I will be your God.' The additions 'in truth and righteousness' specify the quality of the covenant relationship.
Jubilees 22:14

Ge'ez

He said, 'Observe all my words, my son Jacob, and walk in my ordinances.'

REF And he said: 'Observe, my son Jacob, all my words, And walk in my ordinances.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's personal ordinances — the patriarchal Torah — are binding on Jacob and his descendants.
Jubilees 22:15

Ge'ez

I pray that the LORD will not allow you to act according to the abominations of the nations. Do not let the spirit of Beliar rule over you or lead you astray from the LORD your God.

REF And I pray that the Lord will not suffer thee to do according to the abominations of the Gentiles, and let not the spirit of Beliar rule thee and lead thee astray from the Lord who is thy God.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Beliar appears again (cf. 1:21) as the spiritual force behind Gentile corruption. Abraham prays for spiritual protection across generations.
Jubilees 22:16

Ge'ez

Now I make you swear a great oath — there is no oath greater than it, by the name that is glorious, honored, great, splendid, wonderful, and mighty, who created the heavens and the earth and all things together — that you will fear him and worship him, and that each will love his brother with compassion and righteousness.

REF And now I shall make thee swear a great oath — for there is no oath which is greater than it by the name glorious and honoured and great and splendid and wonderful and mighty, which created the heavens and the earth and all things together — that thou wilt fear Him and worship Him, and that each shall love his brother with compassion and righteousness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The oath is by God's name — the most solemn possible oath. The content is dual: vertical (fear and worship God) and horizontal (love your brother). This anticipates the double love commandment (Deuteronomy 6:5 + Leviticus 19:18).
Jubilees 22:17

Ge'ez

Let no one seek to do evil against his brother from now until the day of judgment.

REF And that no man should seek to do evil against his brother from henceforth until the day of judgment.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The prohibition of evil against a brother is universal and permanent — binding until the final judgment.
Jubilees 22:18

Ge'ez

He gave Jacob two of his inner garments. And he said, 'My son, I will bless you with all my spirit before I die.'

REF And he gave to Jacob two of his garments, the inner ones. And he said to him: 'My son, I will bless thee with all my spirit before I die.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The gift of garments symbolizes the transfer of authority and identity. 'With all my spirit' — Abraham pours everything into the final blessing.
Jubilees 22:19

Ge'ez

He rose, and Abraham embraced him. Jacob kissed him, and Abraham's spirit was refreshed. Jacob was placed on the chest of his grandfather Abraham.

REF And he rose, and Abraham embraced him, and Jacob kissed him: and the spirit of Abraham was refreshed, and he was placed upon the bosom of Jacob his grandson.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The physical intimacy is remarkable: Abraham holds his grandson close, spirit refreshed by the contact. This scene of intergenerational love is one of the most tender in ancient literature.
Jubilees 22:20

Ge'ez

Separate yourself from the nations. Do not eat with them or act according to their practices, and do not become their companion, for their deeds are unclean and all their ways are pollution, abomination, and impurity.

REF Separate thyself from the nations, And eat not with them, And do not according to their works, And become not their associate; For their works are unclean, And all their ways are a pollution and an abomination and uncleanness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The separation command is total: no eating together, no shared practices, no social association. This is the most extreme statement of ethnic separation in Jubilees, reflecting the sectarian purity concerns of the Qumran community.
Jubilees 22:21

Ge'ez

They offer their sacrifices to the dead and worship evil spirits. They eat at the graves, and all their deeds are emptiness and nothingness.

REF They offer their sacrifices to the dead, and they worship evil spirits, and they eat over the graves, and all their works are vanity and nothingness.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Gentile worship is characterized as necromancy and demon-worship. 'Eating at the graves' describes funerary meals that were widespread in the ancient Near East and condemned in Israel (cf. Deuteronomy 26:14).
Jubilees 22:22

Ge'ez

They have no understanding, and their eyes do not see what their deeds are or how they err, saying to the wood, 'You are my god,' and to the stone, 'You are my lord and deliverer.' They have no understanding.

REF They have no heart to understand, and their eyes do not see what their works are, and how they err, saying to the tree 'thou art my god,' and to the stone 'thou art my lord, and thou art my deliverer'; and they have no heart.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Standard anti-idol polemic in the tradition of Isaiah 44:14-20 and Jeremiah 2:27. The absurdity of addressing wood and stone as divine is presented as intellectual and spiritual blindness.
Jubilees 22:23

Ge'ez

But you, my son Jacob — may the Most High God help you, and may the God of heaven bless you and remove you from their impurity and from all their error.

REF And as for thee, my son Jacob, May the Most High God help thee, And the God of heaven bless thee, And remove thee from their uncleanness and from all their error.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The blessing is protection through separation: God himself will keep Jacob from contamination by the nations' practices.
Jubilees 22:24

Ge'ez

Be on your guard, my son Jacob, that you do not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan, for all his descendants are destined to be uprooted from the earth.

REF Be on thy guard, my son Jacob, that thou take not a wife of the seed of the daughters of Canaan; For all his seed is to be rooted out of the earth.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The intermarriage prohibition is specific to Canaan — the illegitimate occupant of Shem's territory whose descendants are cursed. This is not a generic anti-Gentile stance but a specific judgment on Canaan's line.
Jubilees 22:25

Ge'ez

Because of Ham's transgression, Canaan went astray, and all his descendants will be destroyed from the earth — all the rest of them. None of his offspring will be saved on the day of judgment.

REF For owing to the transgression of Ham, Canaan erred, And all his seed shall be destroyed from off the earth, and all the residue thereof, and none springing from him shall be saved on the day of judgment.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A severe eschatological judgment on Canaan's entire line. This goes beyond Genesis 9:25's curse of servitude to total annihilation on judgment day.
Jubilees 22:26

Ge'ez

For all idol-worshippers and the profane, there will be no hope in the land of the living. There will be no memory of them on the earth, for they will descend into Sheol and into the place of condemnation.

REF And as for all the worshippers of idols and the profane, (d) There will be no hope for them in the land of the living; And there shall be no remembrance of them on the earth; For they shall go into Sheol, And into the place of condemnation shall they descend.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The fate of idolaters: Sheol and condemnation. 'No memory' is the ultimate punishment in a culture that valued remembrance above all.
Jubilees 22:27

Ge'ez

Jacob placed two coverings on Abraham's chest, and Abraham slept on his bed. For he loved Jacob, and in all things Abraham's spirit was bound to the spirit of his grandson Jacob.

REF And two of them he placed upon the bosom of Abraham, and he slept upon his bed, for he loved him, and in all things the spirit of Abraham was knit to the spirit of Jacob his grandson.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jacob tends to his dying grandfather — the roles reverse as Abraham becomes dependent. 'Spirit bound to spirit' — the deepest possible human connection, transcending generations.
Jubilees 22:28

Ge'ez

Jacob slept on the chest of Abraham, his grandfather, and Abraham's kisses were upon him, and his spirit rejoiced.

REF And Jacob slept on the bosom of Abraham, his father's father, and his kisses were upon him, and his spirit rejoiced.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The final image of Abraham alive: his grandson sleeping on his chest, kisses given freely, spirit full of joy. This is how Jubilees wants Abraham remembered — not in trial or crisis but in love.
Jubilees 22:29

Ge'ez

He blessed him with all his heart and said, 'The Most High God, the God of all and Creator of all, who brought me from Ur of the Chaldeans to give me this land as an eternal inheritance and to establish a holy offspring — blessed be the Most High forever.'

REF And he blessed him with all his heart and said: 'The Most High God, the God of all, and Creator of all, who brought me forth from Ur of the Chaldees that He might give me this land to inherit it for ever, and that I might establish a holy seed — blessed be the Most High for ever.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Abraham's final words: a benediction summarizing his entire life's arc from Ur to Canaan, from childlessness to 'holy seed.' The last word is blessing.
Jubilees 22:30

Ge'ez

He blessed Jacob and said, 'My son, in whom my whole soul delights — my supreme blessing will rest on your head and on the head of your descendants from now unto all the generations and all the ages. He will not change it or diminish it, from now unto all the days of the ages forever, for God has appointed me and you forever.'

REF And he blessed Jacob, and said: 'My son, with whom my whole soul delighteth, my supreme blessing shall rest upon thy head, and upon the head of thy seed from now unto all the generations and unto all the ages. And He shall not change it, nor diminish it from now unto all the days of the ages for ever; for God hath made me and thee for ever.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The 'supreme blessing' — Abraham's greatest — rests on Jacob irrevocably. 'He will not change it' — the blessing is permanent, unalterable, eternal. This is Jubilees' strongest statement of Jacob's election.