Jubilees / Chapter 8

Jubilees 8

30 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic) 1 tradition available

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Kainam (son of Arpachshad) discovers the Watchers' astrological inscriptions carved in rock. Noah divides the earth among his three sons by lot. Shem receives the center — from the Tina (Don) river through the middle of the earth, including the Garden of Eden and Mount Sinai. The sacred geography places Israel's future homeland at the earth's navel.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The Kainam episode (vv. 1-4) is a unique tradition: a post-Flood descendant discovers pre-Flood Watcher knowledge carved in stone and copies it, reintroducing forbidden astrology. The division of the earth (vv. 10-30) is Jubilees' version of Genesis 10, transformed into a divinely ordained geographic covenant. The earth has a sacred center (Eden, Sinai, Zion) that falls entirely within Shem's portion — Israel's land-claim is built into creation's geography.

Translation Friction

Kainam's character is problematic — he sins by copying Watcher knowledge, yet he appears in the genealogy of Luke 3:36 (Cainan). The geographic descriptions are difficult to map onto real-world geography with precision.

Connections

Genesis 10 (Table of Nations); Genesis 11:10-13 (Arpachshad genealogy); Luke 3:36 (Cainan); 1 Enoch 8 (Watcher teachings); Ezekiel 5:5, 38:12 (Jerusalem as center of the earth); Jubilees 4:24 (four sacred places).

Jubilees 8:1

Ge'ez

In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, at its beginning, Arpachshad took a wife named Rasueja, the daughter of Susan, the daughter of Elam. She bore him a son in the third year of that week, and he called his name Kainam.

REF In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, in the beginning thereof Arpachshad took to himself a wife and her name was Rasu'eja, the daughter of Susan, the daughter of Elam, and she bare him a son in the third year in this week, and he called his name Kainam.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

""

Translator Notes

  1. Kainam (Cainan) appears between Arpachshad and Shelah — a figure found in the Septuagint genealogy (Genesis 11:13 LXX) and Luke 3:36, but absent from the Masoretic Hebrew text. Jubilees follows the LXX tradition here.
Jubilees 8:2

Ge'ez

The boy grew, and his father taught him writing. He went out to find a place where he could establish a city for himself.

REF And the son grew, and his father taught him writing, and he went to seek for himself a place where he might seize for himself a city.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Writing — Enoch's invention — continues in the post-Flood world through patriarchal transmission.
Jubilees 8:3

Ge'ez

He found an inscription that earlier generations had carved on rock. He read what was on it and copied it, and sinned because of it — for it contained the teaching of the Watchers, by which they had observed the omens of the sun, moon, and stars in all the signs of heaven.

REF And he found a writing which former (generations) had carved on the rock, and he read what was thereon, and he transcribed it and sinned owing to it; for it contained the teaching of the Watchers in accordance with which they used to observe the omens of the sun and moon and stars in all the signs of heaven.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Pre-Flood Watcher knowledge survived the Flood inscribed in stone. Kainam's sin is copying forbidden astrology — distinguishing legitimate astronomy (Enoch's solar calendar) from illegitimate astrology (Watcher divination). The boundary between acceptable and forbidden celestial knowledge is critical in Jubilees.
Jubilees 8:4

Ge'ez

He wrote it down but said nothing about it, for he was afraid to tell Noah, lest Noah be angry with him because of it.

REF And he wrote it down and said nothing regarding it; for he was afraid to speak to Noah about it lest he should be angry with him on account of it.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Kainam's secrecy compounds his sin — he hides forbidden knowledge rather than destroying it. Fear of Noah replaces fear of God.
Jubilees 8:5

Ge'ez

In the thirtieth jubilee, in the second week, in the first year, he took a wife named Melka, the daughter of Madai son of Japheth. In the fourth year he fathered a son and called his name Shelah, saying, 'Truly I have been sent.'

REF And in the thirtieth jubilee, in the second week, in the first year thereof, he took to himself a wife, and her name was Melka, the daughter of Madai, the son of Japheth, and in the fourth year he begat a son, and called his name Shelah; for he said: 'Truly I have been sent.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Shelah's name is connected to 'sent' (shalach). Inter-family marriage between Shem's and Japheth's lines is notable — the clans are not yet fully separated.
Jubilees 8:6

Ge'ez

In the fourth year he was born. Shelah grew up and took a wife named Muak, the daughter of Kesed, his father's brother, in the thirty-first jubilee, in the fifth week, in the first year.

REF And in the fourth year he was born, and Shelah grew up and took to himself a wife, and her name was Mu'ak, the daughter of Kesed, his father's brother, in the one and thirtieth jubilee, in the fifth week, in the first year thereof.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The genealogy continues with characteristic precision, moving toward Eber and the patriarchal line.
Jubilees 8:7

Ge'ez

She bore him a son in the fifth year, and he called his name Eber. Eber took a wife named Azurad, the daughter of Nebrod, in the thirty-second jubilee, in the seventh week, in the third year.

REF And she bare him a son in the fifth year thereof, and he called his name Eber: and he took to himself a wife, and her name was 'Azurad, the daughter of Nebrod, in the thirty-second jubilee, in the seventh week, in the third year thereof.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Eber is the eponymous ancestor of the 'Hebrews.' His name may derive from 'avar (to cross over), anticipating Abraham's crossing of the Euphrates.
Jubilees 8:8

Ge'ez

In the sixth year she bore him a son, and he called his name Peleg, for in the days when he was born the children of Noah began to divide the earth among themselves. For this reason he called him Peleg.

REF And in the sixth year thereof, she bare him a son, and he called his name Peleg; for in the days when he was born the children of Noah began to divide the earth amongst themselves: for this reason he called his name Peleg.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Peleg = 'division' (Genesis 10:25). The name commemorates the great geographic division of the earth among Noah's sons that follows.
Jubilees 8:9

Ge'ez

They divided the earth among themselves, and Noah rejoiced at the division.

REF And they divided it amongst themselves, and Noah rejoiced at the division.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah oversees the division with joy — it is orderly, not contentious. The lot system ensures divine impartiality.
Jubilees 8:10

Ge'ez

At the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee, they divided the earth into three portions — for Shem, Ham, and Japheth — according to each one's inheritance, in the first year of the first week, when one of us angels who had been sent was present with them.

REF And in the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee they divided the earth into three lots, for Shem and Ham and Japheth, according to the inheritance of each, in the first year in the first week, when one of us who had been sent, was with them.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. An angel witnesses and presumably validates the division. The threefold partition is not arbitrary but divinely directed, establishing permanent territorial covenants.
Jubilees 8:11

Ge'ez

He called his sons, and they came near — they and their children — and he divided the earth into the portions that his three sons would possess. They reached out their hands and took the written document from the chest of their father Noah.

REF And he called his sons, and they drew nigh to him, they and their children, and he divided the earth into the lots, which his three sons were to take in possession, and they reached forth their hands, and took the writing out of the bosom of Noah, their father.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. A written document determines the lots — the division is not oral but legal, documented and binding. This formality reflects the heavenly-tablets worldview: all important matters must be written.
Jubilees 8:12

Ge'ez

It came out in the writing that Shem's portion was the middle of the earth, which he would hold as an inheritance for himself and his descendants for all generations of eternity — from the middle of the mountain range of Rafa, from the source of the river Tina, and his portion extends westward through the middle of this river.

REF And there came forth on the writing as Shem's lot the middle of the earth which he should take as an inheritance for himself and for his sons for the generations of eternity, from the middle of the mountain range of Rafa, from the mouth of the water from the river Tina, and his portion goes towards the west through the midst of this river.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Shem receives the earth's center — the theological heartland. The 'middle of the earth' concept (cf. Ezekiel 38:12, where Israel is the 'navel of the earth') ensures that the Abrahamic covenant land is Shem's by primordial right.
Jubilees 8:13

Ge'ez

It extends until it reaches the waters of the deep, from which this river flows forth and pours its waters into the Sea of Maat. This river flows into the great sea. Everything to the north belongs to Japheth, and everything to the south belongs to Shem.

REF And it extends till it reaches to the water of the abysses, out of which this river goes forth and pours its waters into the sea Me'at, and this river flows into the great sea. And all that is towards the north is Japheth's, and all that is towards the south belongs to Shem.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The geographic boundaries use rivers and seas as natural dividing lines. The north-south division between Japheth and Shem roughly corresponds to the Eurasian/African-Middle Eastern divide.
Jubilees 8:14

Ge'ez

It extends until it reaches Karaso — this is in the curve of the bay that faces south.

REF And it extends till it reaches Karaso: this is in the bosom of the tongue which looks towards the south.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Geographic specificity that is difficult to identify with certainty. The text is mapping the known world according to its own cartographic tradition.
Jubilees 8:15

Ge'ez

His portion runs along the great sea and extends in a straight line until it reaches the western side of the bay that faces south — for this sea is called the Bay of the Egyptian Sea.

REF And his portion extends along the great sea, and it extends in a straight line till it reaches the west of the tongue which looks towards the south; for this sea is named the tongue of the Egyptian Sea.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The 'Egyptian Sea' is likely the Red Sea or the Gulf of Suez. Shem's territory encompasses the land that will become Israel, Egypt, and the broader Near East.
Jubilees 8:16

Ge'ez

It turns from there southward toward the opening of the great sea on its shore, and extends west to Afra, and continues until it reaches the waters of the river Gihon, and south of the waters of the Gihon to the banks of this river.

REF And it turns from here towards the south towards the mouth of the great sea on the shore of (its) waters, and it extends to the west to 'Afra, and it extends till it reaches the waters of the river Gihon, and to the south of the waters of Gihon, to the banks of this river.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The Gihon is one of Eden's four rivers (Genesis 2:13). Its inclusion in the boundary description connects Shem's territory to the original paradise.
Jubilees 8:17

Ge'ez

It extends eastward until it reaches the Garden of Eden to its south, and from the east of the whole land of Eden and the whole land of the Red Sea, it extends eastward until it reaches the sea.

REF And it extends towards the east, till it reaches the Garden of Eden, to the south thereof, [to the south] and from the east of the whole land of Eden and of the whole land of the Red Sea, and it extends to the east till it reaches the sea.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Eden itself falls within Shem's portion — the original paradise belongs to the line from which Israel descends. This is a powerful territorial theology.
Jubilees 8:18

Ge'ez

It extends to the east of the bay that faces south, to the border facing east, and continues to the border of the mountains of Rafa. It descends to the border of the banks of the river Tina to the north of this border, extends to the shores of the sea at Mount Rafa, and circles around to the east.

REF And it extends till it reaches towards the east of the tongue of the sea which looks towards the south, to the border which looks towards the east, and it extends to the border of the Rafa mountains, and it goes down to the border of the banks of the river Tina towards the north of this border, and extends to the shores of the waters of the sea to the mount Rafa, and it goes round to the east.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The description completes a circuit, returning to the starting point. Shem's territory is fully enclosed and defined.
Jubilees 8:19

Ge'ez

This is the land that came forth for Shem and his sons, for him to possess for himself and his descendants throughout their generations forever.

REF This is the land which came forth for Shem and his sons, that he should possess it for himself and his sons for their generations for ever.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'Forever' — the territorial covenant is permanent. Shem's inheritance cannot be revoked, which gives Israel's later land-claim primordial legitimacy.
Jubilees 8:20

Ge'ez

Noah rejoiced that this portion fell to Shem and his sons. He remembered everything he had spoken in prophecy, for he had said, 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem, and may the LORD dwell in the tents of Shem.'

REF And Noah rejoiced that this portion came forth for Shem and for his sons, and he remembered all that he had spoken with his mouth in prophecy; for he had said: 'Blessed be the Lord God of Shem, And may the Lord dwell in the dwelling of Shem.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Noah's earlier blessing (7:11-12) is fulfilled in the lot's outcome. The prophetic word and the territorial division align perfectly — divine speech shapes geographic reality.
Jubilees 8:21

Ge'ez

He knew that the Garden of Eden is the holy of holies and the dwelling of the LORD, Mount Sinai the center of the wilderness, and Mount Zion the center of the navel of the earth. These three were created as holy places facing one another.

REF And he knew that the Garden of Eden is the holy of holies, and the dwelling of the Lord, and Mount Sinai the centre of the desert, and Mount Zion — the centre of the navel of the earth: these three were created as holy places facing each other.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

""

Translator Notes

  1. The three holiest sites — Eden, Sinai, Zion — all fall within Shem's territory. They form a sacred triangle. 'Navel of the earth' (cf. Ezekiel 38:12) places Zion at the world's center. This sacred geography is the theological backbone of Jubilees' territorial claims.
Jubilees 8:22

Ge'ez

He blessed the God of gods, who had placed the word of the LORD in his mouth, and blessed the LORD forevermore.

REF And he blessed the God of gods, who had put the word of the Lord into his mouth, and (blessed) the Lord for evermore.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'God of gods' (cf. Deuteronomy 10:17) — the supreme title. Noah recognizes that his prophetic blessing was divinely given, not his own invention.
Jubilees 8:23

Ge'ez

He knew that a blessed portion and a blessing had come to Shem and his sons for all generations forever: the whole land of Eden, the whole land of the Red Sea, the whole land of the east and India, the Red Sea and its mountains, all the land of Bashan, all the land of Lebanon, the islands of Kaphtor, all the mountains of Senir and Amana, the mountains of Assyria in the north, all the land of Elam, Assyria, Babylon, Susa, and Media, all the mountains of Ararat, and all the region beyond the sea to the north of the mountains of Assyria — a blessed and spacious land, and everything in it is very good.

REF And he knew that a blessed portion and a blessing had come to Shem and his sons unto the generations for ever — the whole land of Eden and the whole land of the Red Sea, and the whole land of the east and India, and on the Red Sea and the mountains thereof, and all the land of Bashan, and all the land of Lebanon and the islands of Kaftur, and all the mountains of Sanir and 'Amana, and the mountains of Asshur in the north, and all the land of Elam, Asshur, and Babel, and Susan and Ma'edai, and all the mountains of Ararat, and all the region beyond the sea, which is beyond the mountains of Asshur towards the north, a blessed and spacious land, and all that is in it is very good.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. An expansive catalog of Shem's territory spanning from India to the Mediterranean, from Ararat to the Red Sea. The list includes every land that matters in biblical history: Eden, Lebanon, Bashan, Assyria, Babylon. 'Very good' echoes God's creation assessment in Genesis 1:31.
Jubilees 8:24

Ge'ez

For Ham the second portion came forth — beyond the Gihon, southward, to the right of the Garden. It extends toward the south and continues to all the mountains of fire.

REF And for Ham came forth the second portion, beyond the Gihon towards the south, to the right of the Garden, and it extends towards the south and it extends to all the mountains of fire.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ham's territory is south of Shem's — Africa and surrounding regions. 'Mountains of fire' likely refers to volcanic regions in East Africa.
Jubilees 8:25

Ge'ez

It extends westward to the Sea of Atel and continues west until it reaches the Sea of Mauk — the sea into which everything that is not destroyed descends.

REF And it extends towards the west to the sea of 'Atel and it extends towards the west till it reaches the sea of Ma'uk — that (sea) into which everything which is not destroyed descends.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. 'The sea into which everything descends' reflects ancient geography's conception of the western ocean as the world's edge.
Jubilees 8:26

Ge'ez

It extends northward to the portion of Gadir, and continues to the bank of the river Gihon, south of the river, to the bank of its waters.

REF And it extends towards the north to the Gadir portion, and it extends to the bank of the river Gihon towards the south of the river, to the bank of the waters of the river.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Gadir (Cadiz/Gades) — the westernmost known city of the ancient world. Ham's territory extends that far.
Jubilees 8:27

Ge'ez

It extends eastward to the Garden of Eden to its south, and from the east of the Garden toward the east, until it reaches the east of the sea that is east of the Garden of Eden — the entire land of Adna, the whole territory south of Sinai, and the whole of the Arabian Peninsula.

REF And it extends towards the east to the garden of Eden, to the south thereof, and from the east of the garden towards the east, and it extends till it reaches the east of the sea which is east of the garden of Eden. And the entire land of Adna and the whole territory to the south of Sina, and the whole of the Arabian peninsula.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Ham's eastern boundary touches Eden's southern edge — his territory is adjacent to but does not include the sacred center.
Jubilees 8:28

Ge'ez

For Japheth the third portion came forth — beyond the river Tina, north of the outflow of its waters. It extends northeastward to the whole region of Gog and to all the territory east of it.

REF And for Japheth came forth the third portion beyond the river Tina to the north of the outflow of its waters, and it extends north-eastward to the whole region of Gog, and to all the country east thereof.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Japheth's territory is the north — Europe and northern Asia. 'Region of Gog' connects to Ezekiel 38-39's eschatological enemy, placing Gog in Japheth's domain.
Jubilees 8:29

Ge'ez

It extends northward to the mountains of Qelt toward the north, and toward the Sea of Mauk, and goes forth to the east of Gadir as far as the region of the waters of the sea.

REF And it extends northward towards the north, and it extends to the mountains of Qelt towards the north, and towards the sea of Ma'uk, and it goes forth to the east of Gadir as far as the region of the waters of the sea.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Japheth's territory encompasses the northern half of the known world. The boundaries are natural features — mountains, rivers, seas.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)soteriological

Foreknowledge and predestination language revised

The KJV's 'whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son' is a central Calvinist predestination text. The JST footnote revises the relationship between divine foreknowledge and predestination to protect human free agency, likely replacing 'predestinate' with language of foreordination or calling.

Jubilees 8:30

Ge'ez

It extends until it reaches the west of Fara, returns toward Aferag, and extends eastward to the waters of the Sea of Maat. It continues to the banks of the river Tina toward the northeast, to the border of its waters at the mountain range of Rafa, and circles around to the north. This is the land that came forth for Japheth and his sons as the portion of his inheritance.

REF And it extends till it reaches the west of Fara and it returns towards 'Aferag, and it extends eastward to the waters of the sea of Me'at. And it extends to the banks of the river Tina towards the north-east, to the border of its waters towards the mountain range of Rafa, and it goes round to the north. This is the land which came forth for Japheth and his sons as the portion of his inheritance.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The circuit of Japheth's territory is complete. The three portions together cover the entire known earth, with no unclaimed land. The division is total and permanent.

Joseph Smith Translation (Footnotes)soteriological

Golden chain of salvation (called, justified, glorified) qualified

Follows from v. 29. The JST revision continues to nuance the chain of salvation, ensuring it does not read as unconditional election to salvation regardless of covenant faithfulness.