Esther Addition C— Prayers of Mordecai and Esther
30 verses • standalone (no MT counterpart)
About This Addition
Summary
Addition C, inserted after Esther 4:17, provides the extended prayers of Mordecai (vv. 1-15) and Esther (vv. 16-30). These prayers fill the most glaring theological silence in the MT: the moment of crisis when the people face annihilation. Mordecai's prayer affirms God's sovereignty and explains his refusal to bow as theological rather than political. Esther's prayer is a deeply personal confession — she removes her royal garments, covers herself in ashes, and pleads as a vulnerable Israelite woman.
Remarkable
Esther's prayer contains a stunning confession: she declares that she hates the bed of the uncircumcised and abhors her position as queen. She claims to have eaten nothing at Haman's table, drunk no wine of libations, and found no joy since her elevation — 'except in you, O Lord, God of Abraham.' Whether historically plausible or not, the prayer transforms Esther from a successful assimilationist into a suffering exile maintaining hidden faithfulness. The prayers together add over 100 explicit references to God in a book that originally contained none.
Friction
These prayers have no Hebrew counterpart and dramatically change the book's theological character. The MT Esther achieves its effects through divine absence — God works through 'coincidence,' human courage, and political maneuvering. The LXX additions replace this with explicit divine intervention, which some scholars argue diminishes the MT's more sophisticated theology of hiddenness.
Connections
Esther 4:15-17 (MT context); Daniel 9:4-19 (national confession prayer); Nehemiah 9 (historical review prayer); Judith 9 (woman's prayer before dangerous action); Addition D (Esther's approach to the king).
Then Mordecai prayed to the Lord, calling to mind all the works of the Lord.
Greek: Καὶ ἐδεήθη Μαρδοχαῖος τοῦ κυρίου μνημονεύων πάντα τὰ ἔργα κυρίου
Mordecai's prayer fills the theological silence of the MT. Where the MT never names God, the LXX gives Mordecai an extended prayer that explicitly invokes God as Creator, Sovereign, and Redeemer.
And he said, 'O Lord, Lord, you who rule as King over all things, the universe is in your power,
Greek: καὶ εἶπεν Κύριε κύριε βασιλεῦ πάντα κρατῶν
and there is no one who can stand against you when you are determined to save Israel.'
Greek: καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὃς ἀντιτάξεται σοι
'For you made heaven and earth and every wondrous thing under heaven.
Greek: σὺ ἐποίησας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν
You are Lord of all, and there is no one who can resist you, O Lord.'
Greek: σὺ εἶ κύριος πάντων
'You know all things. You know, O Lord, that it was not out of insolence or pride or desire for glory that I refused to bow to this arrogant Haman.
Greek: σὺ πάντα γινώσκεις
Mordecai's self-defense is crucial: his refusal was theological, not political. He would have been willing to humble himself for Israel's sake.
For I would have willingly kissed the soles of his feet for the salvation of Israel.'
Greek: ὅτι ηὐδόκουν φιλεῖν πέλματα ποδῶν αὐτοῦ πρὸς σωτηρίαν Ισραηλ
This verse is remarkable: Mordecai claims he would have performed the most abject humiliation — kissing Haman's feet — if Israel's welfare required it. His refusal was not about personal dignity but about giving divine honor to a human.
'But I did this so as not to place the glory of a mortal above the glory of God. And I will not bow to anyone except you, my Lord,
Greek: ἀλλ᾽ ἐποίησα τοῦτο ἵνα μὴ θῶ δόξαν ἀνθρώπου ὑπεράνω δόξης θεοῦ
and I do not do this out of arrogance.'
Greek: καὶ οὐ ποιήσω αὐτὰ ἐν ὑπερηφανίᾳ
'And now, O Lord God and King, God of Abraham — spare your people!
Greek: καὶ νῦν κύριε ὁ θεὸς ὁ βασιλεύς ὁ θεὸς Αβρααμ
For our enemies look upon us with envy and desire to destroy the inheritance that has been yours from the beginning.
Greek: ὅτι ἐπιβλέπουσιν ἡμῖν εἰς καταφθοράν
Do not disregard your portion, which you redeemed for yourself from the land of Egypt.'
Greek: μὴ ὑπερίδῃς τὴν μερίδα σου ἣν ἐλυτρώσω ἑαυτῷ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου
'Hear my prayer and have mercy on your inheritance. Turn our mourning into feasting, so that we may live and sing praise to your name, O Lord.'
Greek: εἰσάκουσον τῆς δεήσεώς μου
'Do not silence the lips of those who praise you.'
Greek: καὶ μὴ κλείσῃς στόματα τῶν αἰνούντων σε
And all Israel cried out with all their strength, for death was before their eyes.
Greek: καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ ἐκέκραξεν ἐξ ἰσχύος αὐτῶν
Then Queen Esther, gripped by mortal anguish, fled to the Lord.
Greek: Καὶ Εσθηρ ἡ βασίλισσα κατέφυγεν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον
Esther's prayer is the longest addition and the most theologically rich. She removes her royal garments, covers herself with ashes, and prays as a humble Israelite — a dramatic transformation from queen to penitent.
She removed her splendid garments and dressed in clothes of distress and mourning. In place of costly perfumes, she covered her head with ashes and dung.
Greek: καὶ ἀφείλατο τὰ ἱμάτια τῆς δόξης αὐτῆς
She humbled her body severely, and every part she had loved to adorn she covered with her tangled hair.
Greek: καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν τὸ σῶμα αὐτῆς σφόδρα
And she prayed to the Lord God of Israel and said: 'O my Lord, you alone are our King.
Greek: καὶ ἐδεήθη κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ
Help me, for I am alone and have no helper except you.
Greek: βοήθησόν μοι τῇ μόνῃ
For my peril is close at hand.'
Greek: ὅτι κίνδυνός μου ἐν χειρί μου
'From my birth I have heard in the tribe of my family that you, O Lord, chose Israel from among all the nations,'
Greek: ἐγὼ ἤκουον ἐκ γενετῆς μου ἐν φυλῇ πατριᾶς μου
and our fathers from among all who came before them, as an everlasting inheritance, and you have fulfilled for them all that you promised.'
Greek: καὶ τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν ἐκ πάντων τῶν προγόνων αὐτῶν
'And now we have sinned before you, and you have handed us over to our enemies,
Greek: καὶ νῦν ἡμάρτομεν ἐνώπιόν σου
because we glorified their gods. O Lord, you are righteous!'
Greek: ὅτι ἐδοξάσαμεν τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτῶν
'And now they are not satisfied with our bitter slavery, but they have made a covenant with their idols
Greek: καὶ νῦν οὐχ ἱκανώθησαν
to abolish the decree of your mouth, to destroy your inheritance, to silence the lips of those who praise you,
Greek: τοῦ ἐξᾶραι τὸ ὁρισθὲν τοῦ στόματός σου
to extinguish the glory of your house and your altar, and to open the mouths of the nations for the praise of worthless idols.'
Greek: καὶ σβέσαι δόξαν οἴκου σου καὶ θυσιαστηρίου σου
'O Lord, do not surrender your scepter to beings that do not exist. Do not let them mock our ruin, but turn their plot against them,
Greek: μὴ παραδῷς κύριε τὸ σκῆπτρόν σου τοῖς μὴ οὖσιν
'Beings that do not exist' (tois mē ousin) — the idols are ontologically void. This is a philosophical argument against idol worship characteristic of Hellenistic Jewish thought (cf. Isaiah 44:9, Wisdom of Solomon 13-15).
and make an example of the one who began this evil against us. Remember us, O Lord! Make yourself known in the time of our affliction. Give me courage, O King of the gods and Master of every dominion.'
Greek: ἐπίβλεψον ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς κύριε
Esther's closing plea — 'give me courage' — directly anticipates her dangerous approach to the king in Addition D. The title 'King of the gods' (basileu tōn theōn) may strike a modern reader as polytheistic, but in Hellenistic Jewish usage it asserts God's supremacy over all supposed deities.