Psalms / Chapter 117

Psalms 117

2 verses • Westminster Leningrad Codex

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Psalm 117 is the shortest psalm and the shortest chapter in the Bible — just two verses. It calls on all nations and all peoples to praise the LORD because His faithful love toward Israel is mighty and His faithfulness endures forever. Despite its brevity, the psalm makes a universalist claim that extends Israel's worship to the whole earth.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The psalm's brevity is itself remarkable — it says everything that needs to be said in seventeen Hebrew words. But the theological weight is enormous: the nations are summoned to praise Israel's God. This is not a call for the nations to become Israelites but a declaration that the LORD's faithful love (chesed) toward Israel is so powerful that even the nations should recognize and celebrate it. The logic is: God's covenant love is so great that its effects spill beyond Israel and become visible to the whole world. Paul quotes this psalm in Romans 15:11 as evidence that God always intended to include the Gentiles in His praise.

Translation Friction

The psalm's call for all nations to praise Israel's God raises the question of why the nations would celebrate God's chesed toward Israel specifically. One answer is that the nations benefit from Israel's blessing — the Abrahamic promise included 'in you all the families of the earth will be blessed' (Genesis 12:3). Another is that the nations, having witnessed God's faithfulness to Israel, recognize that such a God is worthy of universal worship. The psalm does not resolve this tension but holds both ideas together.

Connections

Paul quotes Psalm 117:1 in Romans 15:11 as part of his argument that the Hebrew Scriptures always anticipated Gentile inclusion in the worship of Israel's God. The psalm is part of the Egyptian Hallel (113-118) and sits at the exact center of the collection. The pairing of chesed and emet echoes Exodus 34:6 and appears throughout the Psalter. As the middle chapter of the Bible (by chapter count), it has attracted attention from those who see its universalist theme as the Bible's structural center.

Psalms 117:1

הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־גּוֹיִ֑ם שַׁ֝בְּח֗וּהוּ כָּל־הָאֻמִּֽים׃

Praise the LORD, all nations! Exalt Him, all peoples!

KJV O praise the LORD, all ye nations: praise him, all ye people.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The distinction between goyim ('nations' as political entities) and ummim ('peoples' as ethnic or cultural groups) creates a merism — together they mean 'everyone, without exception.' Paul cites this verse in Romans 15:11 in a catena of quotations proving that the inclusion of Gentiles in God's praise was always part of the divine plan.
Psalms 117:2

כִּ֥י גָ֘בַ֤ר עָלֵ֨ינוּ ׀ חַסְדּ֗וֹ וֶאֱמֶת־יְהוָ֥ה לְעוֹלָ֗ם הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃

For His faithful love toward us is mighty, and the faithfulness of the LORD endures forever. Praise the LORD!

KJV For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. Praise ye the LORD.

Notes & Key Terms 2 terms

Key Terms

חֶסֶד chesed
"faithful love" faithful love, covenant loyalty, steadfast kindness, lovingkindness

chesed here is described as gavar ('mighty, prevailing') — this is not passive affection but active, overpowering covenant commitment. God's faithful love defeats everything that opposes it.

אֱמֶת emet
"faithfulness" truth, faithfulness, reliability, firmness

Paired with chesed as in Exodus 34:6, emet here means God's covenant commitment is not only powerful (chesed gavar) but permanent (emet le'olam). Power without permanence would be unreliable; permanence without power would be ineffective. Together they describe complete covenant faithfulness.

Translator Notes

  1. The verb gavar ('to be mighty, to prevail') is the same root as gibbor ('mighty warrior'). Applied to chesed, it means God's faithful love is not gentle sentiment but overpowering force — it conquers. The speaker says 'us' (aleinu), meaning Israel, but the audience is the nations — Israel testifies to the nations about what God's chesed has done.