Chapter Overview
Summary
Isaiah 33 closes the WOES SECTION (chs. 28–33). Verse 22's 'the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king' is one-of-the-OT's-most-comprehensive divine-titles. Verse 17's 'your eyes will behold the king in his beauty' Christologically-extends to-Christ-the-King.
Notable Variants
33:14 'who can dwell with the consuming fire?' → Heb 12:29 ('our God is a consuming fire'); 33:17 'behold the king in his beauty' → Christological-vision; 33:22 LORD-as-judge-lawgiver-king Trinitarian foundation.
Structural Notes
MT Isaiah 33 = LXX Isaiah 33. 24 verses. Closes WOES SECTION (chs. 28–33).
Woe to you, destroyer, you who have not been destroyed! You treacherous one, whom none has betrayed! When you finish destroying, you shall be destroyed; when you cease your treachery, they shall deal treacherously with you.
'Ah, you destroyer, who yourself have not been destroyed, you traitor, whom none has betrayed! When you have ceased to destroy, you will be destroyed; and when you have finished betraying, they will betray you' tracks MT. DESTROYER-DESTROYED. Poetic-justice. Likely-Assyria-target.
O LORD, be gracious to us; we have waited for you. Be our arm every morning, our salvation in the time of distress.
'O LORD, be gracious to us; we wait for you. Be our arm every morning, our salvation in the time of trouble' tracks MT.
At the thunderous noise, peoples flee; when you rise up, nations scatter.
'At the tumultuous noise peoples flee; when you lift yourself up, nations are scattered' tracks MT.
Your spoil shall be gathered as the caterpillar gathers; as locusts leap upon it, so shall they leap upon your plunder.
'Your spoil is gathered as the caterpillar gathers; as locusts leap, men leap upon it' tracks MT.
The LORD is exalted, for he dwells on high; he has filled Zion with justice and righteousness.
'The LORD is exalted, for he dwells on high; he will fill Zion with justice and righteousness' tracks MT.
And he shall be the stability of your times, a wealth of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge; the fear of the LORD — this is his treasure.
'And he will be the stability of your times, abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge; the fear of the LORD is Zion's treasure' tracks MT. FEAR-OF-LORD AS TREASURE.
Behold, their valiant ones cry out in the streets; the envoys of peace weep bitterly.
'Behold, their heroes cry in the streets; the envoys of peace weep bitterly' tracks MT.
The highways lie desolate, the traveler has ceased. He has broken the covenant, he has despised the cities, he regards no one.
'The highways lie waste; the traveler ceases. Covenants are broken; cities are despised; there is no regard for man' tracks MT.
The land mourns and languishes; Lebanon is ashamed and withers. Sharon has become like a desert, and Bashan and Carmel shake off their leaves.
'The land mourns and languishes; Lebanon is confounded and withers away; Sharon is like a desert, and Bashan and Carmel shake off their leaves' tracks MT.
"Now I will arise," says the LORD. "Now I will be exalted; now I will lift myself up."
'Now I will arise, says the LORD, now I will lift myself up; now I will be exalted' tracks MT. NOW-I-WILL-ARISE — divine-decisive-action.
You conceive chaff, you bring forth stubble; your own breath is a fire that shall consume you.
'You conceive chaff; you give birth to stubble; your breath is a fire that will consume you' tracks MT.
And the peoples shall be as if burned to lime, like cut thorns consumed in the fire.
'And the peoples will be as if burned to lime, like thorns cut down, that are burned in the fire' tracks MT.
"Hear, you who are far off, what I have done; and you who are near, acknowledge my might."
'Hear, you who are far off, what I have done; and you who are near, acknowledge my might' tracks MT. FAR-OFF-AND-NEAR. Ephesians 2:13, 17 ('you who once were far off … peace to those far off and peace to those near') Christologically-extends — Gentile-and-Jew unity.
The sinners in Zion are terrified; trembling has seized the godless: "Who among us can dwell with consuming fire? Who among us can dwell with everlasting flames?"
'The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling has seized the godless: Who among us can dwell with the consuming fire? Who among us can dwell with everlasting burnings?' tracks MT. CONSUMING-FIRE. Hebrews 12:29 ('our God is a consuming fire') directly-cites this-verse-vocabulary. EVERLASTING-BURNINGS — eternal-fire imagery → Matt 25:41 ('eternal fire prepared for the devil').
He who walks in righteousness and speaks what is upright, who despises the gain of oppression, who shakes his hands free from holding a bribe, who stops his ears from hearing of bloodshed, and shuts his eyes from looking upon evil —
'He who walks righteously and speaks uprightly, who despises the gain of oppressions, who shakes his hands lest they hold a bribe, who stops his ears from hearing of bloodshed and shuts his eyes from looking on evil' tracks MT. RIGHTEOUS-MAN-PROFILE — six-fold ethical-portrait. Psalm 15-style entry-requirements.
he shall dwell on the heights; his refuge shall be the fortress of rocks. His bread shall be given him; his water shall be sure.
'He will dwell on the heights; his place of defense will be the fortresses of rocks; his bread will be given him; his water will be sure' tracks MT. BREAD-AND-WATER-PROVIDED. John 6:35 ('I am the bread of life'), John 7:37 ('come to me and drink') Christologically-extends.
Your eyes shall behold the king in his beauty; they shall see a land that stretches far away.
'Your eyes will behold the king in his beauty; they will see a land that stretches afar' tracks MT. SEE-KING-IN-HIS-BEAUTY. Christ-the-King beheld. 1 John 3:2 ('we shall see him as he is') Christologically-extends.
Your heart shall muse on the former terror: "Where is the one who counted? Where is the one who weighed? Where is the one who counted the towers?"
'Your heart will muse on the terror: Where is he who counted, where is he who weighed the tribute? Where is he who counted the towers?' tracks MT.
You shall no longer see the fierce people, the people of obscure speech that you cannot comprehend, of a stammering tongue that you cannot understand.
'You will see no more the insolent people, the people of an obscure speech that you cannot comprehend, stammering in a tongue that you cannot understand' tracks MT.
Gaze upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts! Your eyes shall see Jerusalem — a quiet habitation, a tent that shall not be moved: its stakes shall never be pulled up, nor any of its cords be broken.
'Behold Zion, the city of our appointed feasts! Your eyes will see Jerusalem, an untroubled habitation, an immovable tent, whose stakes will never be plucked up, nor will any of its cords be broken' tracks MT. UNTROUBLED-JERUSALEM. Hebrews 12:22 ('the heavenly Jerusalem') Christologically-extends.
But there the LORD in majesty shall be for us a place of broad rivers and streams, where no galley with oars shall go, and no mighty ship shall pass.
'But there the LORD in majesty will be for us a place of broad rivers and streams, where no galley with oars can go, nor majestic ship can pass' tracks MT.
For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king — he will save us.
'For the LORD is our judge; the LORD is our lawgiver; the LORD is our king; he will save us' tracks MT. THREE-FOLD-LORD declaration. JUDGE-LAWGIVER-KING. James 4:12 ('there is one lawgiver and judge, he who is able to save and to destroy') extends. The verse anchors-Christological-Trinitarian threefold-office of-Christ (prophet-priest-king sometimes-derived-here).
Your rigging hangs loose; it cannot hold the mast firm or spread the sail. Then an abundance of spoil shall be divided — even the lame shall carry off plunder.
'Your cords hang loose; they cannot hold the mast firm in its place or keep the sail spread out. Then prey and spoil in abundance will be divided; even the lame will take the prey' tracks MT.
And no inhabitant shall say, "I am sick"; the people who dwell there shall be forgiven their iniquity.
'And no inhabitant will say: I am sick; the people who dwell there will be forgiven their iniquity' tracks MT. NO-MORE-SICK / INIQUITY-FORGIVEN. Revelation 21:4 ('there shall be no more pain') Christologically-extends to-the-eschatological-state.