Skip to main content
Baruch / Chapter 4

Baruch 4

37 verses • Latin Vulgate (Jerome)

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

The wisdom poem concludes with the identification of Wisdom as the Torah, the 'book of the commandments of God.' The text then shifts dramatically: Jerusalem herself speaks as a bereaved mother, lamenting the exile of her children while simultaneously urging them to take courage. God, who sent the punishment, will also send the restoration. The chapter moves from maternal grief to prophetic consolation, assuring the exiles that the nation that enslaved them will itself be destroyed.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The personification of Jerusalem as a grieving mother is among the most emotionally powerful passages in the deuterocanonical literature. She addresses the exiles directly, begging them not to forget her while promising that God will remember them. The rhetorical shift from 'I sent you out with mourning and weeping' (v. 11) to 'God will bring you back to me with joy and gladness forever' (v. 37) creates a structural arc from lament to hope that mirrors the exile-to-return pattern of the whole book.

Translation Friction

The abrupt speaker changes -- from narrator, to Wisdom, to Jerusalem, to the narrator again -- make the chapter feel like a liturgical collage rather than a unified composition. The identification of the oppressing nation is left deliberately vague, though Babylon is clearly implied. The consolation passages assume a certainty of return that would have been a statement of faith, not observable fact, for the original audience.

Connections

Deuteronomy 33:29 (happy are you, O Israel); Isaiah 49:14-21 (Zion says 'The Lord has forsaken me'); Isaiah 51:17-52:2 (wake up, Jerusalem); Lamentations 1-2 (Jerusalem as weeping woman); 4 Ezra 9-10 (Zion as mourning mother).

Baruch 4:1

Hic est liber mandatorum Dei et lex quae est in aeternum omnes qui tenent eam pervenient ad vitam qui autem dereliquerint eam in mortem.

This is the book of the commandments of God, the law that endures forever. All who hold fast to it will attain life, but those who abandon it will die.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

liber mandatorum Dei
"book of the commandments of God"

The Torah understood as both law code and embodied Wisdom; this equation is foundational to the Jewish theological tradition.

Translator Notes

  1. This verse is the culmination of the wisdom poem begun at 3:9. The explicit identification of Wisdom with the Torah is now stated without metaphor: the 'book of God's commandments' is the wisdom that the nations sought and could not find.
Baruch 4:2

Convertere Iacob et adprehende eam ambula per viam ad splendorem eius contra lumen eius.

Turn back, O Jacob, and embrace her; walk toward her radiance, into her light.

Baruch 4:3

Ne tradas alteri gloriam tuam et dignitatem tuam genti alienae.

Do not give your glory to another, nor your privileges to a foreign nation.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

dignitatem
"privileges"

More than mere honor; this refers to the unique covenant status and blessings that belong to Israel alone.

Baruch 4:4

Beati sumus Israhel quia quae Deo placent manifesta sunt nobis.

Happy are we, O Israel, for the things that are pleasing to God have been made known to us.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

beati sumus
"happy are we"

The Hebrew ashrei -- not passive blessedness but the active joy of those who know God's ways. A beatitude pronounced by the community upon itself.

Translator Notes

  1. This verse echoes Deuteronomy 33:29 ('Happy are you, O Israel') and serves as the conclusion of the wisdom poem. Israel's unique blessedness lies not in military power or wealth but in possessing revealed knowledge of God's will.
Baruch 4:5

Animaequiores estote popule Dei memorabilis Israhel.

Take courage, O people of God, you who are remembered by name -- O Israel!

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. This verse marks the transition from wisdom poem to prophetic consolation. The address shifts from instruction to encouragement.
Baruch 4:6

Venundati estis gentibus non in perditionem sed propter quod in ira ad iracundiam provocastis Deum traditi estis adversariis.

You were sold to the nations, not for destruction, but because you provoked God to anger -- you were handed over to your adversaries.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The critical theological distinction: exile is discipline, not annihilation. God 'sold' Israel (using the language of slavery) but not for permanent destruction.
Baruch 4:7

Exacerbastis enim eum qui fecit vos Deum aeternum immolantes daemoniis et non Deo.

For you provoked the One who made you, the eternal God, by sacrificing to demons and not to God.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

daemoniis
"demons"

The Vulgate's daemonia reflects the Septuagint's demonization of pagan deities. The Hebrew original behind this tradition uses shedim (Deuteronomy 32:17), shadowy spirits that are 'not-gods.'

Baruch 4:8

Obliti enim estis Deum qui nutrivit vos et contristastis nutricem vestram Hierusalem.

For you forgot the God who nurtured you, and you grieved your nurse, Jerusalem.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

nutricem
"nurse"

Jerusalem as the nurturing mother-city; the word nutrix implies intimate feeding and caring, making the abandonment all the more painful.

Translator Notes

  1. The double maternal image is striking: God is the one who 'nurtured' (nutrivit) Israel, while Jerusalem is the 'nurse' (nutrix). Both divine and civic motherhood have been violated by idolatry.
Baruch 4:9

Vidit enim iracundiam a Deo venientem vobis et dixit audite confines Sion adduxit enim mihi Deus luctum magnum.

For she saw the wrath of God coming upon you, and she said: 'Listen, you neighbors of Zion, for God has brought great mourning upon me.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jerusalem now speaks in the first person, a dramatic rhetorical shift. She addresses her 'neighbors' (confines) -- the surrounding peoples who witness her desolation.
Baruch 4:10

Vidi enim captivitatem populi mei filiorum meorum et filiarum quam superduxit illis Aeternus.

'For I have seen the captivity of my people, of my sons and daughters, which the Eternal One brought upon them.'

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

Aeternus
"the Eternal One"

A divine title emphasizing God's timelessness; the One whose purposes outlast all earthly empires.

Baruch 4:11

Nutrivi enim illos cum iucunditate dimisi autem illos cum fletu et luctu.

'I nurtured them with joy, but I sent them away with weeping and mourning.'

Baruch 4:12

Nemo gaudeat super me viduam et desolatam a multis derelicta sum propter peccata filiorum meorum quia declinaverunt a lege Dei.

'Let no one rejoice over me, a widow left desolate. I have been forsaken by many because of the sins of my children, for they turned aside from the law of God.'

Baruch 4:13

Iustitias autem ipsius nescierunt nec ambulaverunt per vias mandatorum Dei neque per semitas veritatis eius cum iustitia ingressi sunt.

'They did not know his righteous decrees, nor did they walk in the ways of God's commandments, nor did they tread the paths of his truth with justice.'

Baruch 4:14

Veniant confines Sion et memorentur captivitatem filiorum et filiarum mearum quam superduxit illis Aeternus.

'Let the neighbors of Zion come, and remember the captivity of my sons and daughters, which the Eternal One brought upon them.'

Baruch 4:15

Adduxit enim super illos gentem de longinquo gentem inprobam et alterius linguae.

'For he brought against them a nation from far away, a ruthless nation speaking a foreign tongue.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The description echoes Deuteronomy 28:49-50, which predicts a nation 'from the end of the earth' with an incomprehensible language -- universally understood as Babylon.
Baruch 4:16

Qui non sunt reveriti senem neque puerorum miserti sunt et abduxerunt dilectos viduae et a filiis unicam desolaverunt.

'They showed no respect to the aged and had no pity on children. They led away the widow's beloved ones, and left the childless woman utterly alone.'

Baruch 4:17

Ego autem quid possum adiuvare vos?

'But I -- how can I help you?'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. Jerusalem's admission of helplessness is poignant: the mother-city can do nothing for her exiled children. The rhetorical question prepares for the answer: only God can help.
Baruch 4:18

Qui enim adduxit super vos mala ipse vos eripiet de manibus inimicorum vestrorum.

'For the One who brought these evils upon you -- he himself will deliver you from the hands of your enemies.'

Baruch 4:19

Ambulate filii ambulate ego enim derelicta sum sola.

'Go on your way, my children, go. For I have been left alone.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. One of the most emotionally raw verses in the deuterocanonical corpus: the mother-city releases her children to exile, acknowledging her own abandonment.
Baruch 4:20

Exui me stola pacis indui autem me saccum obsecrationis et clamabo ad Altissimum in diebus meis.

'I have taken off the garment of peace and put on the sackcloth of supplication; I will cry out to the Most High all my days.'

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

stola pacis
"garment of peace"

The image of exchanging garments represents the transformation of Jerusalem's status from honored to mourning; cf. the reverse in Isaiah 52:1 where Jerusalem is told to 'put on your beautiful garments.'

Baruch 4:21

Animaequiores estote filii clamate ad Dominum et eripiet vos de manu principum inimicorum.

'Take courage, my children! Cry out to God, and he will deliver you from the power of your hostile rulers.'

Baruch 4:22

Ego enim speravi in Aeternum salutem vestram et venit mihi gaudium a Sancto super misericordia quae veniet vobis ab Aeterno salutari nostro.

'For I have placed my hope in the Eternal One for your salvation, and joy has come to me from the Holy One concerning the mercy that will come to you from the Everlasting, our Savior.'

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

Aeterno salutari nostro
"the Everlasting, our Savior"

A compound divine title combining God's eternal nature with his role as deliverer.

Baruch 4:23

Emisi enim vos cum luctu et ploratu reducet autem vos mihi Dominus cum gaudio et iucunditate in sempiternum.

'For I sent you out with mourning and weeping, but the Lord will bring you back to me with joy and gladness forever.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The chiastic structure (mourning/weeping reversed by joy/gladness) mirrors the structural pattern of the entire book of Baruch: confession leading to consolation.
Baruch 4:24

Sicut enim viderunt vicinae Sion captivitatem vestram a Deo sic videbunt et in celeritate salutem vestram a Deo quae superveniet vobis cum honore magno et splendore aeterno.

'For just as the neighbors of Zion saw your captivity from God, so too they will see your swift salvation from God, which will come to you with great honor and everlasting splendor.'

Baruch 4:25

Filii patienter sustinete iram quae supervenit vobis persecutus est enim te inimicus tuus sed cito videbis perditionem ipsius et super cervices ipsius ascendes.

'My children, endure with patience the wrath that has come upon you. Your enemy has pursued you, but soon you will see his destruction, and you will tread upon his neck.'

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

super cervices ipsius ascendes
"you will tread upon his neck"

An ancient Near Eastern victory image: the conqueror places his foot on the neck of the vanquished (cf. Joshua 10:24).

Baruch 4:26

Delicati mei ambulaverunt vias asperas ducti sunt enim ut grex direptus ab inimicis.

'My tender ones have walked rough roads; they were carried off like a flock seized by enemies.'

Baruch 4:27

Animaequiores estote filii et proclamate ad Dominum erit enim memoria vestra ab eo qui duxit vos.

'Take courage, my children, and cry out to God! For the One who led you away will remember you.'

Baruch 4:28

Sicut enim fuit sensus vester ut erraretis a Deo decies tantum iterum convertentes requiretis eum.

'For just as your mind was set on straying from God, so return and seek him with tenfold devotion.'

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The 'tenfold' intensification of the return over the departure is a characteristic Baruch motif: restoration exceeds the original failure.
Baruch 4:29

Qui enim adduxit vobis mala ipse rursum adducet vobis sempiternam iucunditatem cum salute vestra.

'For the One who brought these evils upon you will bring you everlasting joy together with your salvation.'

Baruch 4:30

Animaequior esto Hierusalem exhortatur enim te qui te nominavit.

Take courage, O Jerusalem! The One who named you offers you consolation.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The speaker shifts from Jerusalem to the narrator, who now addresses Jerusalem herself with comfort. 'The One who named you' recalls Isaiah 43:1 ('I have called you by name, you are mine').
Baruch 4:31

Miseri erunt qui te laedierunt et qui gavisi sunt in tua ruina.

Wretched will be those who harmed you and who rejoiced at your downfall.

Baruch 4:32

Miserae erunt civitates quibus servierunt filii tui miserae quae accepit filios tuos.

Wretched will be the cities where your children served as slaves; wretched is the city that received your children.

Baruch 4:33

Sicut enim gavisa est in tua ruina et laetata est in casu tuo sic contristabitur in sua desolatione.

For just as she rejoiced at your ruin and was glad at your fall, so she will grieve over her own desolation.

Baruch 4:34

Et amputabo exultationem multitudinis eius et gloriatio eius erit in luctu.

And I will cut off the rejoicing of her multitudes, and her boasting will be turned to mourning.

Baruch 4:35

Ignis enim superveniet ei ab Aeterno in longiturnis diebus et habitabitur a daemoniis in multitudine temporis.

For fire will come upon her from the Eternal One for many days, and she will be inhabited by demons for a long time.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The prophecy of Babylon's destruction by fire and its subsequent habitation by demons recalls Isaiah 13:19-22 and Revelation 18:2, forming a prophetic tradition that spans both testaments.
Baruch 4:36

Circumspice Hierusalem ad orientem et vide iucunditatem a Deo tibi venientem.

Look to the east, O Jerusalem, and see the joy that is coming to you from God.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The instruction to look east anticipates the return of the exiles from Babylon, which lies to the east. The physical geography of hope.
Baruch 4:37

Ecce enim veniunt filii tui quos dimisisti dispersos veniunt collecti ab oriente usque ad occidentem in verbo Sancti gaudentes in honorem Dei.

For look, your children are coming -- those whom you sent away scattered. They are coming, gathered from east to west, by the word of the Holy One, rejoicing in the glory of God.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

in verbo Sancti
"by the word of the Holy One"

The gathering of exiles is accomplished not by military force but by divine speech -- the same creative word that ordered the cosmos in Genesis 1.

Translator Notes

  1. The vision of ingathering 'from east to west' expands beyond the historical return from Babylon to encompass a universal restoration, anticipating the eschatological ingathering of Isaiah 43:5-6.