Jubilees / Chapter 49

Jubilees 49

23 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic)

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Extremely detailed Passover legislation. The lamb must be eaten at the appointed time on the fourteenth. No bone may be broken. It must be eaten at the sanctuary. Age requirement: twenty and above. Every detail is spelled out.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

The most detailed halakhic chapter in Jubilees — a full Passover code reflecting Second Temple practice. The sanctuary requirement aligns with Deuteronomy 16, not the original household Passover.

Translation Friction

The sanctuary requirement is anachronistic for the Egyptian Passover. The age limitation (twenty and above) contradicts later rabbinic practice.

Connections

Exodus 12:1-51; Deuteronomy 16:1-8; Numbers 9:1-14; 2 Chronicles 30; 35.

Jubilees 49:1

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Remember the commandment the Lord gave you concerning the Passover: celebrate it on the fourteenth of the first month. Slaughter the lamb before evening, and eat it at night from sunset.

REF Remember the commandment concerning the Passover.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. The timing 'between the evenings' was debated in Second Temple Judaism.
Jubilees 49:2

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

On this night — the start of the festival — you ate the Passover in Egypt, while all the powers of Mastema were unleashed to kill the firstborn.

REF For on this night ye were eating the Passover in Egypt.

Jubilees 49:3

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

This is the sign the Lord established: everyone who had blood on their house would be passed over.

REF And this is the sign: the blood on the house.

Jubilees 49:4

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

The children of Israel did as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. They kept the Passover.

REF And the children of Israel kept the Passover.

Jubilees 49:5

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

On that night the Lord struck down every firstborn of Egypt. This became an eternal statute for Israel.

REF And on that night the Lord slew all the firstborn of Egypt.

Jubilees 49:6

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

From the fourteenth of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first is the season of unleavened bread — seven days.

REF From the fourteenth to the twenty-first is the season of unleavened bread.

Jubilees 49:7

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Every year you must observe the festival and eat unleavened bread for all seven days.

REF And ye shall eat unleavened bread all the seven days.

Jubilees 49:8

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

No leaven may be found in your houses or anywhere within your borders. Anyone who eats leaven shall be cut off from Israel.

REF And no leaven shall be found in your borders.

Jubilees 49:9

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

No work shall be done on these days, except what must be done to prepare food.

REF No work shall be done on these days.

Jubilees 49:10

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

You shall eat unleavened bread from the evening of the fourteenth until the evening of the twenty-first.

REF Ye shall eat unleavened bread from the evening of the fourteenth until the evening of the twenty-first.

Jubilees 49:11

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Every male twenty years old and above shall eat it in the sanctuary of your God before the Lord.

REF Every man who is twenty years and upward shall eat it in the sanctuary.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

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Jubilees requires Passover at the central sanctuary — reflecting Deuteronomy 16:5-6

Translator Notes

  1. The sanctuary requirement and age limitation are unique to Jubilees.
Jubilees 49:12

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

When the Israelites set up the tabernacle in Canaan, let them celebrate Passover there and slaughter the offering before the Lord year after year.

REF When they set up the tabernacle, let them celebrate Passover there.

Jubilees 49:13

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

When the house is built in the Lord's name, they shall go there and slaughter the Passover in the evening.

REF And when the house is built in the Lord's name, they shall go there.

Jubilees 49:14

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

They shall dash the blood on the altar, place the fat on the fire, and eat the flesh roasted with fire in the court of the house.

REF And they shall offer the blood on the altar and eat it roasted in the court.

Jubilees 49:15

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

They must not celebrate Passover in their cities or anywhere other than at the sanctuary.

REF They shall not celebrate it in their cities.

Jubilees 49:16

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Let no bone of it be broken, for it is the festival of the Lord and it must not be shifted from year to year.

REF And let no bone be broken.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. 'No bone shall be broken' — applied to Jesus in John 19:36.
Jubilees 49:17

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Celebrate it on its day, and no plague shall come upon them in the year they observe it properly.

REF And it shall come for a memorial well pleasing before the Lord.

Jubilees 49:18

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

They must not eat it outside the sanctuary, but only before it. All Israel shall celebrate at its appointed time.

REF And they shall not eat it outside the sanctuary.

Jubilees 49:19

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Every man from twenty years old and above must eat it in the sanctuary of the Lord.

REF Every man from twenty years shall eat it in the sanctuary.

Jubilees 49:20

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Let them slaughter and eat, pour the blood before the Lord, leave none until morning, and break no bone.

REF Let them not leave any till morning, and let no bone be broken.

Jubilees 49:21

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Anyone who does not come on this day to observe it shall be cut off. It is a statute forever, written on the heavenly tablets.

REF And all who will not come shall be cut off.

Jubilees 49:22

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Let the children of Israel observe the Passover year by year as an eternal memorial.

REF Let Israel observe the Passover from day to day at its time.

Jubilees 49:23

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

I have given you the Passover days, the days of unleavened bread, and the appointed times. These are the words of testimony — written and ordained forever.

REF These are the words of testimony, written and ordained for ever.