Jubilees / Chapter 34

Jubilees 34

19 verses • Ge'ez (Ethiopic)

Translator's Introduction

What This Chapter Is About

Jacob's sons tend flocks near Shechem. Joseph is sent to check on his brothers. They conspire against him, sell him to Midianite merchants bound for Egypt. The brothers dip his coat in goat blood. Jubilees dates the arrival of the bloody coat to the tenth of the seventh month — the Day of Atonement — creating an etiology for that fast day.

What Makes This Chapter Remarkable

Jubilees introduces the tenth of the seventh month as the date Joseph's blood-stained coat was brought to Jacob, giving etiological significance to this day of mourning.

Translation Friction

The insertion of Mastema as instigator partially shifts blame from the brothers to a demonic agent.

Connections

Genesis 37:1-36 (Joseph sold); Leviticus 16; 23:27-32 (Day of Atonement); Jubilees 48 (Mastema and Moses).

Jubilees 34:1

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

In the sixth year of this week of the forty-fifth jubilee, Jacob sent his sons to pasture the sheep in the grazing lands of Shechem.

REF And in the sixth year of this week Jacob sent his sons to pasture their sheep.

Jubilees 34:2

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Joseph was a youth of seventeen years, and he went with them.

REF And Joseph was a lad of seventeen years.

Jubilees 34:3

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob's sons quarreled with Joseph, for they hated him. He reported to his father everything he observed.

REF And the sons of Jacob quarrelled with Joseph; for they hated him.

Jubilees 34:4

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Joseph had a dream and told it to his brothers, and they hated him even more.

REF And Joseph dreamed a dream, and told it to his brethren, and they hated him yet more.

Jubilees 34:5

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

He had a second dream and told it to his father and brothers. Jacob rebuked him, saying: Am I and your mother and your brothers really going to come and bow before you?

REF And he dreamed a second dream and told it to his father, and Jacob rebuked him.

Jubilees 34:6

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

His brothers were jealous of him, but his father kept the matter in his mind.

REF And his brethren were jealous of him; but his father kept the saying in his heart.

Jubilees 34:7

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Israel said to Joseph: Go and see whether your brothers are well and whether the flocks are safe. Bring me word.

REF And Israel said unto Joseph: 'Go and see whether thy brethren are in peace.'

Jubilees 34:8

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

He sent him from the valley of Hebron. Joseph came to Shechem and found his brothers at Dothan. They spotted him from a distance.

REF And he sent him from Hebron, and he came to Shechem, and found his brethren in Dothan.

Jubilees 34:9

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

The spirit of Mastema sent jealousy into the hearts of Jacob's sons, and they plotted to kill him before he could reach them.

REF And the spirit of Mastema sent jealousy into the hearts of the sons of Jacob.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

""

The chief adversary spirit in Jubilees — from Hebrew satam, 'to be hostile'

Translator Notes

  1. Mastema functions in Jubilees much as Satan does in Job — a permitted agent of evil operating under divine sovereignty.
Jubilees 34:10

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

They stripped him of his coat and threw him into a pit. The pit was empty — there was no water in it.

REF And they stripped him of his coat and cast him into a pit.

Jubilees 34:11

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Judah said: Let us sell him to these Ishmaelites. Let us not lay a hand on him, for he is our brother, our own flesh. His brothers agreed.

REF And Judah said: 'Let us sell him to these Ishmaelites.'

Jubilees 34:12

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Midianite traders passed by. They pulled Joseph out of the pit and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The merchants took him down to Egypt.

REF And the Midianite merchants came by, and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver.

Jubilees 34:13

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob's sons slaughtered a young goat and dipped Joseph's coat in its blood. They sent it to their father Jacob on the tenth of the seventh month.

REF And the sons of Jacob killed a kid and dipped the coat in its blood, and sent it to Jacob on the tenth of the seventh month.

Notes & Key Terms 1 term

Key Terms

""

The Day of Atonement. Jubilees connects this fast day to Jacob's mourning for Joseph

Translator Notes

  1. The tenth of the seventh month is Yom Kippur — the Day of Atonement.
Jubilees 34:14

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob saw it and said: A wild animal has devoured Joseph. Joseph has surely been torn to pieces.

REF And Jacob said: 'A wild beast hath devoured Joseph.'

Jubilees 34:15

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

Jacob mourned for Joseph. His heart was deeply troubled, and he refused to be comforted.

REF And Jacob mourned for Joseph, and refused to be comforted.

Jubilees 34:16

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

On the tenth of the seventh month — the very day the grievous news reached Jacob — that day was ordained as a day of mourning.

REF And on that day was it ordained as a day of mourning.

Jubilees 34:17

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

His sons and daughters tried to comfort him, but he refused. He said: I will go down to the grave mourning for my son.

REF And his sons and daughters tried to comfort him, but he refused.

Jubilees 34:18

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

For this reason it was ordained for the children of Israel to afflict themselves on the tenth of the seventh month and to make atonement with a young goat, once each year, for their sins. For they had caused their father anguish over his son Joseph.

REF For this reason it is ordained for the children of Israel that they should afflict themselves on the tenth of the seventh month.

Notes & Key Terms

Translator Notes

  1. This is Jubilees' etiology of Yom Kippur: the Day of Atonement exists because Jacob's sons sinned against their father by selling Joseph.
Jubilees 34:19

Ge'ez text per Charles/VanderKam editions

This day was ordained so that they might grieve over their sins, over all their offenses, and so purify themselves on this day — once each year.

REF And this day has been ordained that they should grieve for their sins, so as to cleanse themselves on that day once a year.